Most published research suggests that the decline of urban mass transportation after World War II resulted from the growth of private automobile use, which diverted ridership and financial resources from transit systems. This interpretation is challenged by findings from a case study of the New York City subway system, which shows a significant relationship between the amount and composition of capital investment and service outcomes. The study demonstrates that efficient and effective mass transit service is possible within metropolitan transportation markets, even when private automobile use is more prevalent.
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