The Distinctive World of Mercersburg Theology: Yearning for God or Relief From Sin?

Abstract

The controversial Mercersburg Theology that developed after 1840 was accused of being heterodox by many Reformed leaders in regard to a number of specific doctrines, particularly ecclesiology and sacramentology. Accusations of crypto-Catholicism became common. These particular debates were actually surface manifestations of a much deeper tension. The religious world of such Mercersburg theologians as John Nevin did not resemble the spiritual universe of many of his contemporary Reformed brothers and sisters. Nevin’s world was governed by a deep discontent with finitude and a yearning for union with the eternal. The religious world of his critics, such as Charles Hodge, was informed by anxiety about retributive justice and a desire for moral reformation. Nevin’s piety was directed toward the cosmic reconciliation of all dichotomies, while Hodge’s was oriented toward the restoration of the proper relationship of obedience to and adoration of a transcendent God. Nevin consistently sought to overcome the juxtaposition of the finite and the infinite, and Hodge struggled to maintain their distinction. Nevin hungered for union with God, theosis, while Hodge hoped for forgiveness and reinvigorated discipleship.