Effect of Dyes on the Tensile Properties of Colored Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Film

Abstract

The effect of dye / substrate interaction on the tensile properties of colored poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film has been examined. The PET is colored with anthracene (AC) and its hydroxyl derivatives ( group I dyes) as well as with anthra quinone (AQ) and its hydroxyl derivatives ( group II dyes). The offset yield stress of PET colored with anthrarobin (group IB) and with 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone (group II H) increases respectively by 16 and 12 MPa more than the control. After annealing, the values increase further by 7 and 5 MPa, respectively. This reinforcing effect is thought to arise from the formation of hydrogen bondings between dye and substrate, while 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (group II E) has a plasticizing effect. Dye H has a slower stress-relaxation rate than the control, whereas dye E has a faster rate. As the dye concentration in the films increases, the melting points (T_m ) of melt-quenched dye/PET mixed systems are depressed. The interaction parameter between dye and substrate X₁ is obtained using Flory's equation, which shows T_m depression of the systems. The values of X₁ for AC and AQ are approximately zero, but other dyes have positive values. These results suggest that most of dye molecules aggregate in PET because the affinity of dyes for the substrate is inadequate. However, the values depend somewhat on the strength of the dye/substrate interaction.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Brandrup, J., and Immergut, E. H., Eds., "Polymer Handbook," 3rd ed., Wiley-Interscience, NY, VI/59, VI/ 234(1989).

Flory, P.J. , Thermodynamics of Crystallization in High Polymers, IV: A Theory of Crystalline States and Fusion in Polymers, Copolymers, and Their Mixtures with Diluents , J. Chem. Phys. 17, 223-240 (1949).

Glentz, O. , Beckmann, W. , and Wunder, W. , The Mechanism of the Dyeing of Polyester Fibers with Disperse Dyes , J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 75 , 141-147 (1959).

Gulrajani, M.L. , Saxena, R.K. , and Sengupta , A.K. , Effect of Dye-Polymer Interaction on the Stress-Strain Characteristics of Dyed Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber, Textile Res. J. 49, 474-476 (1979).

Gulrajani, M.L. , Saxena, R.K. , and Sengupta , A.K. , Dye-Induced Changes in the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Dyed Nylon 6 Fibers , Textile Res. J. 50, 486-490 (1980).

lijima, T. , and Chung, D.J. , Concentration Dependence of Diffusion Coefficient of p-Nitroaniline in Poly (ethylene Terephthalate ) and Polyamide, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 17, 663-665 (1973).

Maekawa, T. , Effect of Dyes on the Tensile Properties of Dyed Polyethylene Terephthalate Filament, I : Azo Dyes, Osaka Shoin Women's College Collected Essays, no. 27, pp. 125-134, 1990.

Pauling, L. , "The Nature of the Chemical Bond," 3rd ed., ch. 12 Cornell University Press, NY, 1960;

Silverstein, R.M. , Bassler, G.C. , and Morrill, T.C. , "Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds," 5th ed., ch. 3 John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1991.

10.

Rys, P. , and Zollinger, H. , "Leitfaden der Farbstoffchemie," Verlag Chemie , Weinheim, Germany, 1970.

11.

Singleton, R.W. , Fiber Testing, in "Man-Made Fibers Science and Technology," vol. 3, H. F. Mark, S. M. Atlas, and E. Cernia, Eds., Interscience, NY, 1968.

12.

Sotton, M. , Arniaud. A.-M. , and Rabourdin, C. , Crystallinity and Disorder in Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers, Specific Example of Preoriented Yarns ( POY ), J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 22, 2585-2608 (1978 ).

13.

Suganuma, K. , The Influence of Adsorbed Dyes on the Yield Stress of Nylon Filaments, Textile Res. J . 49, 536-539(1979).

14.

Suganuma, K. , and Kuno, H. , The Influence of Molecular Weight of Acid Dyes on the Yield Stress of Dyed Nylon Monofilament, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 29, 3241-3252 ( 1984 ).

15.

Toda, T. , Yoshida, H. , and Hida, M. , Dispersion State of Dyes in Polyester Film and Dye-Substrate Interaction Evaluated by Dynamic Viscoelastic Measurement and Thermal Analysis, Sen'i Gakkaishi 49 , 237-242 (1993).