Thermal Properties of Jute Constituents and Flame Retardant Jute Fabrics

Abstract

The thermal behavior of flame retardant jute fabrics impregnated with a diam monium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) and urea (1:2) solution was studied using dif ferential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) and thermogravimetric ( TG ) analysis in nitrogen and air atmospheres. Thermal degradation of flame retardant jute fabrics gradually decreased as chemical add-on increased. Weight loss after pyrolysis decreased, and a much larger residue remained when pyrolysis was complete. The limiting oxygen index also increased with increasing add-on. The thermal properties of jute and its main components, holocellulose, hemicellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin, were also in vestigated using DSC and DTG in nitrogen and air atmospheres to interpret the results of thermal analysis of fire retardant jute fabrics.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Basak, R.K. , Guha Roy, T.K. , and Mukherjee, A.K. , Studies on the Thermal Properties of Klasson Lignin from Jute (Corchorus Capsularis) with Special Reference to Structure of the Minor Carbohydrate Portion Attached to It, TAPPI (submitted for publication).

Chatterjee, P.K. , and Conrad, C.M. , Kinetics of the Pyrolysis of Cotton Cellulose , Textile Res. J. 36, 487- 494 ( 1966).

Jafar, S. , and Mahmood, M.B. , Thermogravimetric Study on Typha ( Typha Angustifolia L.), J. Thermal Anal. 35, 815 - 821 (1989).

Jain, R.K. , Lal, K. , and Bhatnagar, H.L. , Thermal Degradation of Cellulose and Its Phosphorylated Products in Air and Nitrogen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30, 897 - 914 (1985).

Mackenzie, R. C. , Ed., "Differential Thermal Analysis," vol. 2, Academic Press, NY, 1972, pp. 536.

Macmillan, W.G. , Sengupta, A.B. , and Roy, A. , Observation on the Determination of Lignin in Jute, J. Textile Inst. 43, T103 - T111 ( 1952).

Michlik, I. , and Smekal, J. , Thermal Analysis of Textiles Treated with Flame Retardants, in "Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Thermal Analysis," vol. 3, 1974, pp. 425 -433.

Mondal, S.P. , and Roy, A. , Flame-Retardant Finishing of Textiles, in "BTRA Silver Jubilee Monograph Series," 1982, pp. 210 -228.

Nguyen, T. , Zavarin, E. , and Barrall, E.M. , Thermal Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials, Part I: Unmodified Materials, J. Macromol Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. 20, 1-65(1981).

10.

Perkins, R.M. , Drake, G.L. , and Reeves, W.A. , DTA and TGA Studies of Flame-Resistant Fabrics, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10, 1041 - 1066 (1966).

11.

Ramiah, M.V. , Thermal Analysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 14, 1323- 1337 ( 1970).

12.

Roy, A. , Studies on the Isolation and Chemical Nature of the Non-Cellulosic Constituents of Jute, Doctoral thesis, Calcutta University , 1958, pp. 54 -55.

13.

Sarkar, P.B. , Majumder, A.K. , Pal , K.B. , The Nature of the Hemicellulosic of Jute Fiber, Part I, Textile Res. J. 22, 529 -534 (1952).

14.

Schwenker, R.F. , Jr., Beck, L.R. , Jr., and Zuccarello , R.K. , Application of Differential Thermal Analysis and Dynamic Thermogravimetric Analysis in Textile Research , Am. Dyest. Rep. 53, 30 -40 (P817) (1964).

15.

Sefain, M.Z. , and El-Kalyoubi , S.F. , Thermogravimetric Studies of Different Celluloses, Thermochim. Acta 75, 107 - 113 ( 1984).

16.

Sefain, M.Z. , and El-Saied, H. , Thermal Degradation of Native and Mercerized Cotton Linters, Thermochim. Acta 74, 201 - 206 ( 1984 ).

17.

Sefain, M.Z. , El-Kalyoubi, S.F. , and Shukry, N. , Thermal Behavior of Holo- and Hemicellulose Obtained from Rice Straw and Bagasse, J. Polym. Sci. 23, 1569 - 1577 (1985).

18.

Tang, M.M. , and Bacon, R. , Carbonization of Cellulose Fibers, I: Low Temperature Pyrolysis, Carbon 2, 211-220 (1964).

19.

Varma, I.K. , Anantha Krishnan , S.R. , and Krishnamoorthy, S. , Effect of Chemical Treatment on Thermal Behavior of Jute Fibers, Textile Res. J. 58, 486 - 494 (1988).

20.

Weil, Edward D. , in "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology ," vol. 10, Wiley-Interscience , NY, p. 396.