A Mechanical Model for the Lateral Compression of Woven Fabrics

Abstract

A mechanical model for the lateral compression of woven fabrics is derived from Van Wyk's compression law for fiber assemblies. The pressure (P) and thickness (v) relationship is P = a/(v - v')3. The parameter v' refers to the core of the fabric, which is incompressible over the pressure range 2-5000 gf/cm². The parameter a refers to the compressible surface layers and is dependent on the mass of fibers in the surface layers and their orientation.

A comparison is made of the results obtained with the KES-F fabric compression tester and the standard fabric thickness tester. The energy of compression is proportional to the cube root of the parameter a. The compressibility of the fabric is proportional to the energy of compression per unit volume of fabric. The changes that occur in the fabric surface layers during a typical fabric finishing process are investigated.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bissett, I.S. , Medley, J.A. , and Pullin, J.S. , A Novel and Comprehensive Finishing Process for Worsted and Related Fabrics, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 89, 466-522 (1973).

Bogatty, H. , Hollies, N.R.S. , Hintermaier, J.C. , and Harris, M. , The Nature of a Fabric Surface: Thickness-Pressure Relationships, Textile Res. J. 23, 108-114 (1953).

Breuers, M. , Kamien, B. , and Blankenburg, G. , Praxisversuche mit verschiedene Dekatiermaschinen und Bewertung der Gewebe mit Objectiven Prufmethoden, Melliand Textilber. 56, 1005-1009 (1975).

Carnaby, G.A. , The Compression of Fibrous Assemblies, With Applications to Yarn Mechanics, in "The Mechanics of Flexible Fibre Assemblies," J. W. S. Hearle , J. J. Thwaites , and J. Amirbayat , Eds. Sijthoff and Noordhoff, The Netherlands, 1980.

De Hoff, R.T. , and Rhines, N. , "Quantitative Microscopy," McGraw-Hill, New k, 1968

DIN 53855, Bestimmung der Dick textil Flachengebilde, Teil 1, 1982.

Dunlop, J.I. , Characterising the Compression Properties of Fibre Masses, J. Textile Inst. 65, 532-536 (1974).

Dunlop, J.I. , The Dynamic Bulk Modulus of Fibre Assemblies, J. Textile Inst. 72, 154-161 (1981).

Greuel, M. , Kittan, G. , and Pentz, O. , Einfluss des Ausrustungsganges auf reinwolle Kammgamgewebc, Textile Prax. Int. 29, 1093-1096 (1974 ). 968

10.

Hearle, J.W.S. , Backer, S. , and Grosberg, P. , "Structural Mechanics of Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics," vol. 1., Wiley-Interscience , New York, 1969.

11.

Houben, H. , Analytische Untersuchungen von Dekatierprozessen, Melliand Textilber. 53, 925-930 (1972).

12.

Kawabata, S. , "The Standardization and Analysis of Hand Evaluation," 2nd ed., Textile Machinery Society of Japan , Osaka, 1980.

13.

Kittan, G. , Greuel, M. , Ghassim, M. , and Roubikova, V. , Einfluss des Ausrustungsganges auf Kammgarngewebe, Textil Praxis Int. 31, 267-270 (1976).

14.

Komori, T. , and Makishima, K. , Numbers of Fiber-to-Fiber Contacts in General Fiber Assemblies, Textile Res. J. 47, 13-17 (1977).

15.

Larosse, P. , Observations on the Compressibility of Pile Fabrics, Textile Res. J. 23, 730-735 (1953).

16.

Lee, D.H. , and Lee, J.K. , Initial Compressional Behaviour of Fibre Assembly, in " Proc. 3rd Japan-Australia Joint Symposium on Objective Measurement: Applications to Product Design and Process Control," S. Kawabata, M. Niwa, and R. Postle, Eds., Textik Machinery Society of Japan, Osaka, 1986.

17.

McPhee, J.R. , Russel, K.P. , and Shaw, T. , The Role of Objective Measurement in the Wool Textile Industry, J. Textile Inst. 76, 110-121 (1985).

18.

Riedel, D. , Die Bedeutung des sprzifischen Flachendrucks beim kontinuierlichen Dekatieren von Geweben oder Gewirken, Textil Prax. 32, 944-946 (1977).

19.

Schofield, J. , Researches on Wool Felting, Part I, J. Textile Inst. 29, T239-T252 ( 1938).

20.

Van Luijk, C.J. , Structural Analysis of Wool Yarns, Doctoral thesis, University of Canterbury, N.Z., 1981.

21.

Van Wyk, C.M. , A Study of the Compressibility of WooL with Special Reference to South African Merino Wool, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Ind. 21, 99-224 (1946).

22.

Van Wyk, C.M. , Note on the Compressibility of Wool, J. Textile Inst. 37, T285-T292 ( 1946).

23.

Von Bergen, W. , "Wool Handbook," vol. 2, part 2, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1969.