Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Four swelling treatments were examined for their ability to improve the appearance of cotton fabrics containing numerous neps. Cotton printcloth was treated with two concentrations of sodium hydroxide, 14% and 20%, and with two liquid ammonia treatments, one in which the ammonia was removed through water rinsing and the other through evaporation. The treated fabrics were subsequently dyed with CI direct red 81 and CI direct green 26 and compared for coverage of neps and change in depth of shade. Both sodium hydroxide treatments resulted in virtually complete coverage of the neps. Application of ammonia followed by water rinsing had no significant effect, whereas when the ammonia was removed by evaporation, coverage of neps was significantly improved. The depth of shade of the treated fabrics, in decreasing order, was NaOH-20%/NH₃-H₂O, NH3-air, NaOH-14%/untreated control.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Section 7, Method D-1464: Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1985.

Bailey, D.L. , McFadyen, G.A. , and Jones, B.W. , Coverage of Immature Cotton Using Submercerization Concentrations of Caustic Soda, in "Book of Papers, 1983 National Technical Conference, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists," Oct. 1983, pp. 200-205.

Calamari, T.A. Jr. , Schreiber, S.P. , Cooper , A.S. , and Reeves, W.A. , Liquid Ammonia Modification of Cellulose in Cotton and Polyester/Cotton Textiles, Textile Chem. Color. 3 , 234-238 (1971).

Cheek, L. , and Chiasson, C. , How Liquid Ammonia Affects the Reactive Dyeing of Cotton Fabric, Textile Chem. Color. 13 , 85-91 (1981).

Cheek, L. , and Ladisch, C.M. , Liquid Ammonia Pretreatment of Cefluloac Fabrics, Part I: Effects on Sorption and Dyeability of HWM Rayon, Viscose and Cotton, Cellulose Chem. Technol. 18 , 313-321 (1984).

Clegg, G.G. , and Harland, S.C. , Neps in Cotton Fabrics and Their Resistance to Dyeing and Printing , J. Textile Inst. 14, 125-132 (1923).

Farther, R.G. , Taylor, H.M. , and Thomas, F.W. , Some Effects of Yarn Irregularity in Dyeing and Finishing, J. Textile Inst. 41, 590-608 (1950).

Furvik, N.B. , Dyeing Properties of Mature and Immature Cotton , J. Soc. Dyers Color. 92, 149-157 (1976).

Goldthwait, C.F. , Smith, H.O. , and Barnett, M.P. , New Dye Technique Shows "Maturity of Cotton ," Textile World 97 (7), 105-108 (1947).

10.

Harold, R.W. , Applications of the D25-9 for Colorant Strength Determinations, Hunter Lab Renections and Transmissions, no. 33, Aug. 1980.

11.

Heap, S.A. , The Mercerizing Process: Fundamental Aspects, Colourage 23 (3), 28-34 (1976).

12.

Honold, E. , Caustic Sorption in Cotton Fibers of Different Maturities, Am. Dyest. Rep. 58 , 25-32 (1969).

13.

Linnert, A. , Nep Counting at the Card, J. Textile Inst. 52, 289-295 (1961).

14.

Rousselle, M.A. , Nelson, M.L. , Hassenboehler , C.B. Jr. , and Legendre, D.C. , Liquid-Ammonia and Caustic Mercerization of Cotton Fibers: Changes in Fine Structure and Mechanical Properties, Textile Res. J. 46, 304-310 (1976).

15.

Watson, M.D. , and Jones, B.W. , Dye Coverage of Immature Cotton Can be a Problem, Textile Chem. Color. 17, 17-20 (1985).

16.

Wyatt, B.G. , Measuring Cotton Maturity by Reflectance of Dyed Cotton Staple, Am. Dyest. Reptr . 63 (9), 92-96 (1974).

Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and Liquid Ammonia Treatments on the Coverage of Neps in Dyed Cotton Fabric

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References