A systematic study has been conducted of the rate and extent of formaldehyde extracted from durable press finishes from a variety of agent-catalyst systems. Deter mination of the steady-state free formaldehyde released from fabrics during water extractions was investigated. The relationships between available formaldehyde, tem perature, and time of incubation were established. The steady-state free formaldehyde levels were compared for fabrics containing only free (applied) formaldehyde and those containing formaldehyde as part of a durable press finish. Influences of variables such as temperature of extraction and ease of finish hydrolysis are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, "AATCC Technical Manual," vol. 58, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1983-84.
2.
Andrews, B.A. Kottes, and Harper, R.J., Jr., Formaldehyde Release - Are Current Test Methods Realistic?, Textile Res. J. 50 (3), 177-184 (1980).
3.
Andrews, B. A. Kottes, and Reinhardt , R.M., HowMixed Catalysts Differ, Textile Res. J.52 (2), 123-132 ( 1982).
4.
Andrews, B.K., and Reinhardt, R.M., Process to Produce Durable Press Low Formaldehyde Release Cellulosic Textiles , U.S. Patent 4,488,878, December 18, 1984.
5.
Andrews, B. A. Kottes, Reinhardt, R.M., and Harris, J.A., Limitations of the Cold Sodium Sulfite Titration Method for Free Formaldehyde in Textiles, Textile Res. J.53 (11), 688-691 (1983).
6.
Andrews, B.A. Kottes, Reinhardt, R.M., Soltis, M.H., Simoneaux, J.M., Reeves, W.A., Day, M.O., Mehta, R.D., and Chew, V., Extending the Relevance of the AATCC Sealed Jar Test for Formaldehyde Release, "Proc., AATCC Nat. Tech. Conf., Book of Papers," 1980, pp. 5-17.
7.
Bille, H., and Petersen, H., Possibilities of Formaldehyde-Free or of Almost Formaldehyde-Free Textile Finishing, Melliand Textilber.57, 155-165 (1976).
8.
Goodson, L.A. , Jr., Formaldehyde and the Textile Industry , Textile Chem. Color.16 (1), 1-4 (1984).
9.
Harper, R.J., Jr., Andrews, B.A. Kottes, Harris, J.A., Reinhardt, R.M., Vail, S.L., Bathija, A.P., and Ulsamer, A.G., Formaldehyde Release from Labeled and Unlabeled Cross-linked Cottons and Cotton-Polyester Fabrics, Agric. Res. Results, ARR-S-17 (May 1984).
10.
Moran, C.M. , and Vail, S.L., Determination of Free Formaldehyde, Am. Dyest. Rep.54 (6), 35-36 (1965).
11.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Criteria for a Recommended Standard ... Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde, DHEW(NIOSH), December 1976.
12.
Reinhardt, R.M., Vapor Transport of Formaldehyde to Cotton , Textile Res. J.53 (3), 175-180 (1983).
13.
Roff, W.J., TheDetermination of the Formaldehyde Yield of Cellulosic Textiles Treated with Formaldehyde, Urea-Formaldehyde, or Melamine-Formaldehyde, J. Textile Inst.47, T307-T318 (1956).
14.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental Contaminants: Formaldehyde, EPA-560/2-76-009, August 1976.
15.
Wayland, R.L. , Jr., Smith, L.W., and Hoffman, J.H., Low-Formaldehyde Finishing in Production , Textile Res. J. 51 (4), 302-309 (1981).
