Mulberry and tasar silk fibers were treated with formic acid, lithium thiocyanate, and zinc chloride. The fine structure of these preswollen fibers was investigated using infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and sonic velocity. Densities were determined by means of a liquid density gradient column, and the sonic velocity was measured using a dynamic modulus tester. The surface morphology of swollen fibers was studied using electron microscopy. The x-ray and infrared crystallinity indices of fibers change due to swelling treatments, and these changes correlate to the changes in density and sonic velocity.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Badger, R.M., Pullin, A.D.E., and Rubalcava, H., Research Report No. 8 Gates and Crellin Lab, University of California, 1953.
2.
Bhat, N.V., and Nadiger, G.S., Crystallinity in Silk Fibers: Partial Acid Hydrolysis and Related Studies , J. Appl. Polym. Sci.25, 921-932 (1980).
3.
Charch, W.H. , and Moseley, W.W., Jr., Structure-Property Relationships in Synthetic Fibers, Part I: Structure as Revealed by Sonic Observations, Textile Res. J.29, 525-535 ( 1959).
4.
Elliott, A., and Ambrose, E.J., Structure of Synthgtic Polypeptides, Nature165, 921-922 (1950).
5.
Howit, F., TheStructure of Textile Fibers, V: The Structure of Protein—Silk, J. Textile Inst.40, 465-474 (1949).
6.
Hearle, J.W.S., Sparrow, J.T., and Gross, R.M., "The Use of the Scanning Electron Microscope," Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1974.
7.
Hamberger, W.J. , Mechanics of Elastic Performance of Textile Materials, The Application of Sonic Techniques to the Investigation of the Effect of Visco-Elastic Behavior upon Stress-Strain Relationships in Certain High Polymers, Textile Res. J.18, 705-744 (1948).
8.
Lloyd, D.J., Dempsey, M., and Garrod, M., Swelling of Protein Fibers in Organic Solvents, Trans. Faraday Soc.42B, 228-244 (1946).
9.
Lucas, E., Shaw, J.T.B., and Smith, S.G., The Silk Fibroins, Adv. Protein Chem.13, 107-242 (1958).
10.
Magoshi, J. , Magoshi, Y., and Nakamura, S., Physical Properties and Structure of Silk, III: The Glass Transition and Conformational Changes of Tussah Silk Fibroin , J. Appl. Polym. Sci.21, 2405-2407 (1977 ).
11.
Manjunath, B.R., Venkataraman , A., and Stephen, Thomas, TheEffect of Moisture Present in Polymers on Their X-Ray Diffraction Patterns, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.17, 1091-1099 (1973).
12.
Marsh, R.E. , Corey, R.B.:, and Pauling , L., An Investigation of the Structure of Silk Fibroin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta16, 1-34 (1955).
13.
Morgan, H.M. , Correlation of Molecular Orientation Measurements in Fibers by Optical Birefringence and Pulse Velocity Methods, Textile Res. J.22, 866-868 (1962).
14.
Moseley, W.W. , TheMeasurement of Molecular Orientation in Fibers by Acoustic Method, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.3, 266-276 (1960).
15.
Nudzu Ryuzaburg , Kunichika, Sango, and Isohima , Toshizo, Reaction of Ketene with Silk, Kyoto Daigaku.31, 380-382 (1953).
16.
Schurz, J., Solutions of Silk in Phosphoric Acid (in German), Melliand Textilber.35, 607-609 (1954).
17.
Shaw, J.T.B. , and Smith, S.G., Comparative Studies of Fibroins IV, The Composition and Structure of Chemically Resistant Fractions from Some Silk Fibroins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta52, 305-318 (1961).
18.
Sheldon, R.P. , and Blackey, P.R., Liquid-Induced Crystallization in Polymers , Nature195, 172-173 (1962).
19.
Stanonis, D.J. , and King, W.D., A Simple Density Method for the Analysis of Fabric Blends of Cotton and a PET Polyester, Textile Res. J.46, 246-249 (1976).
20.
Warwicker, J.O., Comparative Studies of Fibroins, II: The Crystal Structures of Various Fibroins, J. Mol. Biol.2, 350-362 (1960).
21.
Work, R.W., and Morosoff, Nicholas , A PhysicoChemical Study of the Super Contraction of Spider Major Ampullate Silk Fibers, Textile Res. J.52, 349-356 (1982).
