To minimize the pick-up of hardness ions, phosphorylated 48/52 PET/viscose blend fabrics were aftertreated with titanyl sulphate, zirconium oxychloride/antimony trioxide, and sodium stannate formulations. Flame retardancy before and after hard- water (220 ppm) wash cycles was evaluated by oxygen index, surface ignition, 45° burning tests, and horizontal burning rate measurements. The FR behavior of phos phorylated blend was impaired by hard water after 4 washing cycles while the after treated blends resisted deactivation by maintaining their initial level of flame retardancy. Infrared spectral analysis revealed ion-exchange reactions in the phosphorylated blend. Ion exchange also occurred in aftertreated fabrics at those sites where complex for mation with metal complexing agents had not taken place.
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