Dispersion and Polar Force Components of Surface Tension of Oily Soils

Abstract

The surface tension and the dispersion and polar components of the surface tension for fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and triglycerides were estimated by contact angle mea surements in order to apply these concepts to a detergency study. An extended Fowkes' equation was adopted for the calculation.

γL of liquid oils (fatty acids, C4-Cs; fatty alcohols, C₄-C₁₁) at 293 K decreases slightly with increasing chain length. The contribution of γ_L ^d to γ_L is 90% or more. γ_S of fat oils (fatty acids, C₁₂-C₁₈; fatty alcohols, C₁₄-C₁₈, triglycerides, C₁₂-C₁₈) at 293 K increases with small carbon chain length and decreases when the carbon chain length increases. Triglyceride is the lowest surface energy solid among these three kinds of fats. γ_S of decanoic acid, 1-dodecanol and 1-tetradecanol at 283 K (solid state), is larger than γ_L of the same materials at 313 K (liquid state).

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