The current status of applied technology for production of flame retardant cotton fabrics is reviewed, with emphasis on some of the technical problems that remain to be solved. Our thesis is that progress can best be made through a better under standing of the chemistry of the hydroxymethyl phosphorus compounds and their derivatives. The similarity of mechanisms of the reactions of hydroxymethyl phos phorus compounds to those of some of the well studied classical organophosphorus reactions (e.g., the Wittig reaction) are noted and discussed. The chemistry of both the ammonia cure and heat cure processes are examined, with emphasis on reaction mechanisms for N-methylol reactants and the competitive nature of the reactants, including cellulose, in the system. An outline of the series of papers is provided.
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