The feasibility of urea nitrate to catalyze crosslinking of cotton cellulose with N-methylol finishing agents was investigated under a variety of conditions. Urea nitrate proved to be an efficient catalyst for imparting easy-care properties to cotton fabric using the pad-dry-cure, pad-cure, and pad-mild-cure methods. Of particular interest were the results obtained with the pad-mild-cure method. A crease recovery as high as 280° could be achieved by mild curing of the fabric at 70°C for 5 min with only ca. 11 % loss in strength properties. The finishing agents used were commercial types based on carbamate reactant, dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea, dimethylolethyl eneurea, modified triazinone reactant, and modified ethyleneurea. The pad bath was stable up to 24 hours.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allam, E., El-Aref, A.T., Abou-Amer, A., El-Hilw, Z., and Hebeish, A., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. Part V: Crosslinking of Partially Corboxymethylated Cotton Using the Pad-Wet-Batch Method, Ind. J. Textile Res. (in press).
2.
Cooke, T.F., Roth, P.B., Salsbury, J.M., Switlyk, G., and van Loo, W.J., Comparison of Wrinkle-Resistant Finishes for Cotton, Textile Res. J.27, 150-165 (1957).
3.
Frick, J.G., Andrews, B.A.K., and Reid, J.D., Effects of Cross-Linkage in Wrinkle-Resistant Cotton Fabrics, Textile Res. J.30, 495-504 ( 1960).
4.
Gilbert, S.M. , and Smith, B.F., A Degradation Study of Some Formaldehyde-Modified Celluloses, Textile Res. J.40, 720-727 (1970).
Hebeish, A., Various Aspects of Easy-Care Finishing, Industrie Textile (Paris) No. 991, 415-421 ( 1970).
7.
Hebeish, A., NewCatalyst System for Easy-Care Cotton Finishing, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.20, 2631-2642 (1976).
8.
Hebeish, A., El-Aref, A. T., Allam, E., and El-Hilw, Z., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. 1. Nature of Substrate and Methods of Application , Angew. Makromol. Chem.80, 177-194 (1979).
9.
Hebeish, A. and Ibrahim, N.A., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. Part VII: Urea Oxalate as a Catalyst for Crosslinking, Acta Polym . (in press).
10.
Hebeish, A. and Ibrahim, N.A., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. Part VIII: Crosslinking of Cotton Using Urea Phosphate as Catalyst, Ind. J. Textile Res. (in press).
11.
Hebeish, A. and Kamel, M.M., Catalysts for Easy-Care Cotton Finishing , Kolor. Ertesito21, 34-60 ( 1979).
12.
Hebeish. A. , Nassar, F.A., Ibrahim , N.A., and Islam, A.M., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. II. Influence of Urea Pad on Free Formaldehyde and Strength of Crosslinked Cotton, Angew. Makromol. Chem.81, 95-107 (1979).
13.
Hebeish, A., Nassar, F.A., Ibrahim, N.A., and Islam, A.M., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. III. Catalysts , Angew. Makromol. Chem.82, 11-25 (1980).
14.
Hebeish, A., Nassar, F.A., Ibrahim, N.A., and Islam, A.M., Studies of Some Basic Aspects in Easy-Care Cotton Finishing. IV. Effect of Acid Scavengers on Free Formaldehyde in and Strength of Crosslinked Cotton , Angew. Makromol. Chem.82, 27-37 (1980).
15.
Hebeish, A. , Waly, A.I., Abou-Zeid , N.Y., and El-Alfy, E. A., Studies on Cellulose Carbamate. Part I: Reaction of Cellulose Carbamate with Aromatic Amines, Textile Res. J.48, 468-472 (1978).
16.
Mehta, H.U. , Studies in Resin Finishing at ATIRA from 1955 to 1976, Colourage24, 21-31, 37(1977).
17.
Segal, L. and Timpa, J.D., TheEffect of Formaldehyde Crosslinking of Cotton on the Chain Length of the Cellulose Molecule. I. The Form W' Process, Textile Chem. Color. 4, 66-70 (1972).
18.
Segal, L. and Timpa, J.D., Strength Losses and Structural Changes in Cotton Fabric Crosslinked with Dimethylolethyleneurea , Textile Res. J.43, 185-194 (1973).
19.
Segal, L. and Timpa, J.D., TheEffects of a Formaldehyde Pad-Bake-Cure Process on Cellulose Molecular Chain Length and Physical Properties of Cotton Fabrics, Textile Res. J.43, 468-474 (1973).
20.
Vogel, A.I., "Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2," 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1975, p. 139.
