The Donnan distribution of sodium and chloride ions has been measured between wool and aqueous solutions, in the pH range 3 to 10, following treatment with either sulphuric or peracetic acids. Changes in the sorption isotherms at 25°C were found to depend upon the concentrations of the acids used, and they have been interpreted in terms of the formation of ionizable groups within the wool fiber.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alexander, P. , Fox, M., and Hudson, R.F., TheReaction of Oxidizing Agents with Wool. 5. The Oxidation Products of the Disulphide Bond and the Formation of a Sulphonamide in the Peptide Chain, Biochem. J.49, 129-138 (1951).
2.
Alexander, P. , Hudson, R.F., and Fox, M., TheReaction of Oxidizing Agents with Wool. 1. The Division of Cystine into Two Fractions of Widely Differing Reactivities, Biochem. J.46, 27-32 (1950).
3.
Asquith, R.S., Campbell, B., and Hohson, M.A., "Modification of the Dyeing Properties of Wool by Treatment in Anhydrous Solution," IIIe Congrès International de la Recherche Textile Lainiere (CIRTEL), Paris, Section 3, 1965, pp. 231-242.
4.
Asquith, R.S. and Shaw, T., SomeCorrelations between the Hydrolysis of Glycylglycine and of Wool in Sulphuric Acid, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 79, 524-526 (1963).
5.
Barnard, W.S. , Palm, A., Stam, P.B., Underwood, D.L., and White, H.J., TheInteraction of Hair Fibers with Alkali Bromide Solutions, Textile Res. J.24, 863-881 (1954).
6.
Cole, M., Fletcher, J.C., Gardner, K.L., and Corfield, M., A Study of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Applicable to the Examination of Processed Wools, Appl. Palyrn. Symp. No. 18, 147-161 (1971); Fletcher, J.C. and Gardner, K.L., "Chemical Studies of Wool' Carbonizing and its Effect on Dyeing Properties," Rroc. 5th Int'l Wool Conf, Aachen, Vol. III, 1975, pp. 234-241.
7.
Delmenico, J. and Peters, R.H., Application of the Donnan Equilibrium to the Distribution of Dye and Inorganic Ions between Wool and Solutions, Textile Res. J.34, 207-219 (1964).
8.
Earland, C. and Knight, C.S., Structure of Keratin. I. Analysis of Fractions Isolated from Wool Oxidized with Peracetic Acid, Biochem. Biophys. Acia17, 457-461 (1955).
9.
Elliott, R.L. , Asquith, R.S., Hopper, M.E.P., and Rawson , D.H., TheEffect of Sulphuric Acid on Wool IV—Some Further Observations of the Reaction with Concentrated . Acid, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 76, 222-225 (1960).
10.
Elliott, R.L. , Asquith, R.S., and Jordan, B.J., TheEffect of Sulphuric Acid on Wool V—An Investigation of Dyeing Faults Causes by Carbonising, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 77, 345-349 (1961).
11.
Elliott, R.L. , Asquith, R.S., and Rawson, D.H., Effect of Concentrated Sulphuric Acid on the Various Constituent Amino Acids of Wool,. J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 73, 424 (1957).
12.
Elliott, R.L. , Asquith, R.S., and Rawson, D.H., TheEffect of Sulphuric Acid on Wool II—The Chemical Attack of Concentrated Acid, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 74, 176-179 (1958).
13.
Hille, E., Über die chemischen Vorgange beim Karbonisieren von Wolle, Mell. Textilber.40, 893-897 (1959).
14.
Hille, E. and Zahn, H., Peptidyl Shift During Wool Car-. bonixing, J. Textile Inst.51, T1162-T1167 (1960).
15.
Horner J. L., TheCombination of Wool Keratin with Alkali, Trans. Farad. Soc.50, 1000-1010 (1954 ).
Peters, R.H. and Rippon, J.A., "Adsorption of Calcium and Sodium Ions by Wool and Degraded. Wool," Proc. 5th Int'l Wool Conf, Aachen, Vol. III, 1975, pp. 13-24.
18.
Reitz, H.C. , Ferrel, R.E., Fraenkel Conrat , H., and Olcott, H.S., Action of Sulfating Agents on Proteins and Model Substances. I. Concentrated Sulfuric Acid, J. Amer. Chem. Soc.68, 1024-1031 (1946 ).
19.
Thompson, E.O.P. and O'Donnell, I.J., Studies on Oxidized Wool. III. Ion-exchange and Acid-uptalce Characteristics, Atrstral. J. Biol. Sci.12, 490-499 (1959).
20.
Whewell, C.S. , Stevens, C.B.; and Amin, S.C., Observations on the Dyeing Behavior of Chemically Modified Wools, Appl. Polym. Symp. No. 18, 387-408 (1971).
21.
Zahn, H., An Investigation of the Carbonising of Wool, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 76, 226-232 (1960).
