Abstract
A solvent-dyeing process for aramid fibers is described which is capable of producing fiber and fabrics having excellent depth of shades. The brightness of the fibers and fabrics is quite high when the undyed fibers are bright. When properly selected basic dyes are used, and when heavy shades are developed on the fabrics, good dyed lightfastness values are ob tained. Carpet samples of Nomex® dyed via the solvent-dyeing process described are considerably brighter, cleaner, and deeper in shades than commercial carpet samples of Nomex dyed using the producer-recommended dyeing process. More over, the dyed lightfastness values (Gray Scale) are considerably higher for these solvent-dyed carpet samples. Thus. ratings as poor as 2 and 1 after, respectively, 20 and 40 hours in the Fade-Ometer were obtained on the commercial carpet samples, whereas certain of the test samples rated 2—3 even after 320 hours.
In addition to the improvement in dyeing obtained with the solvent-dyeing process, it was observed that the aramid fibers based on poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide (MPD-I) and the polyisophthalamide of 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA-I) apparently undergo a certain degree of relaxation. For example, on blank dyeing in pyridine the tenacity of the wet-spun MDA-I fiber decreased only slightly, while the initially somewhat low elongation-to-break value increased significantly. For Nomex 10 dpf staple the average elongation-to-break value increased slightly, but the range of this value narrowed considerably. Two rigid, rod-like, wholly aromatic fibers, the DuPont Company's Kevlar® aramid fiber, and the Monsanto Company's experimental X-500 polyamide-hydrazide fiber, do not show the same type relaxation effects exhibited by either MDA-I or MPD-I ( i.e. Nomex). Thus, the tenacity of the Kevlar increased somewhat, and the initial modulus values for both rod-like fibers increased moderately.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.