A study of cotton treated with anhydrous liquid ammonia at different temperatures is reported. Effects of treat ment on physical and mechanical properties, chain length, moisture regain, and cellulose accessibility have been studied. The treatment brings about considerable changes in some of the above properties and also in fine structural properties of cotton as revealed by infrared and electron microscopic studies.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Barry, A.J., Peterson, F.C., and King, A.J., X-Ray Studies of Reactions of Cellulose in Non-Aqueous Systems. 1. Interaction of Cellulose and Liquid Ammonia, J.A.C.S.58, 333-337 (1936).
2.
Betrabet, S.M. and Rollins, M.L., Electron Microscope Study of Cotton Treated with Inter- and Intra-Crystalline Swelling Agents, Textile Res. J.40, 917-924 (1970).
3.
Calamari, T.A. , Reeves, W.A., Schreiber, S.P., and Cooper, A.S., Process for Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Yams, U.S.P. 3, 767, 359: 23rd October, 1973.
4.
Calamari, T.A. , Schrieber, S.P., Cooper, A.S., and Reeves, W.A., Liquid Ammonia Modification of Cellulose in Cotton and Polyester/Cotton Textiles, Textile Chem. Colorist , 3, 234-238 (1971).
5.
Clark, G.L. and Parker, E.A., Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate; Action of Liquid Ammonia, J. Phys. Chem.41, 777-786 (1937).
6.
Cowper, R.M., The Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Yams and Threads. 2. Applications for,the Prograde Process, Presented at the Conference on Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Cellulosic Textiles, Belle Vue, Manchester, U.K., 17th November, 1970, pp. 21-25.
7.
Gailey, R.M., The Liquid Ammonia Treatments of Yarns and Threads. 1. Principle and Practice , Presented at the Conference on the Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Cellulosic Textiles, Belle Vue, Manchester , U.K., 17th November, 1970, pp. 9-20.
8.
Hess, K. and Gundermann, J., Cellulose Fibres: Action of Liquid Ammonia on, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.70, 1788- 1799 (1937).
9.
Jackson, I., The Treatment of Cellulosic Textiles in Liquid Ammonia, Industrial Textile, November, 833-837 (1972).
10.
Lewin, M., Rau, R.O., and Stello, S.C., TheRole of Liquid Ammonia in Functional Textile Finishes, Textile Res. J.44, 680-686 (1974).
11.
Cewin, M. and Roldan, L.G., The Effect of Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia on the Structure and Morphology of Cotton Cellulose, J. Polymer Sci. Part C, No. 36, 213-229 (1971).
12.
Pandey, S.N. , Viscosity of Cellulose in Cuprammonium and Curpriethylene Diamine Solvents, Indian J. Tech.3, 317-319 (1965).
13.
Pandey, S.N. and Iyengar, R.L.N., Studies of Chemically Modified Cotton. Part 1: Effect of Chemical Treatment for Varying Periods on Crystallinity and Certain Other Properties of Cotton, Textile Res. J.39, 15-23 (1969).
14.
Pandey, S.N. and Nair, P., Effect of Phosphoric Add Treatment on Physical and Chemical Properties of Cotton Fiber, Textile Res. J.44, 927-933 (1974).
15.
Pandey, S.N. and Nair, P., Effect of Zinc Chloride Solution on Swelling and Other Properties of Cotton , Proceedings of Fifteenth Joint Technological Conference of ATIRA, BTRA, and SITRA, pp. 21.1-21.12 (1974).
16.
Rollins, M.L. , Garra, J.H., Gonjale, E.J., and Berni, R.J., Microscopical Comparisons of Some Reactions of Cotton Cellulose with Ethyleneurea Derivatives, Textile Res. J.36, 185-201 (1966).
17.
Sharples, B. P., Brit. Patent 750,088.
18.
Skaathun, O., Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Fabrics. Development of Process and Plant, Presented at the Conference on Liquid Ammonia Treatment of Cellulosic Textiles, Belle Vue, Manchester, U.K., 17th Nov., 1970, pp. 34-39.
19.
Sucheki, S.M. , The Case for Liquid Ammonia, Textile Industries135, No. 1, 112-117 (1971).
20.
Wade, R.H. and Creely, J.J., Formation of Inclusion Complexes by Liquid Ammonia Treatments of Previously Crosslinked Cottons, Proceedings of the 12th Cotton Utilization Research Conference, New Orleans, La. ARS-72-98, November, 1972.
21.
Warwicker, J.O., The Fundamental Basis of Liquid Ammonia Treatment, Cotton Cellulose Chem. Technolo.6, 85-97 (1972). '
