The relative efficiencies of phosphorus and sulfur-based flame-retardant systems have been compared on cotton, ramie, and rayon. Sulfur-based systems were found to be equally effective on all the substrates tested. Phosphorus-based flame retardants were significantly less effective on rayon than on cotton or ramie. The flame-retardant fabric systems were also studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The differences observed are ascribed to different mechanisms by which sulfur and phosphorus-based flame retardants operate and to the influence of cellulosic fine structure upon these mechanisms.
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