The effects of the method of esterification on fabric properties of cottons esterified to a low degree of substitu tion (D.S. = 0.2) with unsaturated monobasic acids have been studied. Partial cellulose esters of similar D.S. prepared by the following four methods have been compared: (1) acid chloride in dimethylformamide and pyridine at 105°C, (2) acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride in benzene at 25°C, (3) cotton pretreated with aqueous NaOH and reacted with acid chloride in CCl4 at 35°C, and (4) cotton converted to sodium cellulosate in nonaqueous medium and then reacted with acid chloride in dimethylformamide and pyridine at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 105°C.
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM Designations: (a) D-1682-64, (b) D-1175, (c) D-1295-69, Philadelphia, Pa.
2.
Avny, Y. and Rebenfeld, L., Formation andStructure of Sodium Cellulosates in Relation to Physical Properties of Cellulose Fibers, Textile Res. J.38, 599-605 (1968).
3.
Benerito, R.R. , Inconsistencies in Theories of Resiliency in Chemically Treated Cotton, Textile Res. J.38, 279-292 (1968).
4.
Benerito, R.R. , McKelvey, J.B., and Berni, R.J., Built-in Lubrication on Cotton Fabrics , J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc.48, 284-90 (1971).
5.
Berni, R.J., McKelvey, J.B., and Benerito, R.R., Effect of Esterification Method on Fabric Properties of Cotton Esters of Long Chain Monobasic Acids, Texlile Res. J.37, 706-707 (1967).
6.
Berni, R.J., Soignet, D.M., and Ward, T.L., Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Cotton Partial Esters, Textile Res. J.39, 887-889 ( 1969) .
7.
Berni, R.J., Soignet, D.M., and Benerito, R.R., Anion Exchange Cottons Prepared from Sodium Cellulosate, Textile Res. J.40, 999-1005 (1970).
8.
Campbell, H.J. and Francis T., TheCross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose by Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids, Textile Res. J.35, 260-270 (1965).
9.
Cruz-Lagrange, M.C., Hamalainen, C., and Cooper, A.S., Jr., Preparation and Evaluation of Selected Aliphatic Esters of Cotton Fabric, Am. Dyestuff Reptr.51, 428-430 (1962).
10.
Hebert, H.J., Hensarling, T.P., Jacks, T.J., and Berni, R.J., The Size of the Elementary Fibril in Cellulose Fibers, to be published.
11.
Karrer, P., U. S. Patent 1,897,026 to Heberlein and Co. (Feb. 7, 1933).
12.
Lawrence, E.W. and Phillips, R.H., "Wash and Wear" Fabrics, Am. Dyestuff Reptr.45, 548-580 (1956).
13.
Matchat, K. , Investigations about Relations Between Crosslinking and Chemical Finishing, Textil-Rundschau16, 580-585 (1961).
14.
McKelvey, J.B. , Benerito, R.R., and Berni, R.J., Esterification of Cotton with Certain Monofunctional Acid Chlorides and the Effect on Crease Recovery, Textile Res. J.35, 365-376 (1965).
15.
McKelvey, J.B. , Berni, R.J., Benerito, R.R., and O'Connor , J.A., Partial Monobasic Esters of Cotton Cellulose. Part II: Effects of Substitution and Unsaturation in Acyl and Aroyl Esters on Crease Recovery, Textile Res. J.36, 828-837 (1966).
16.
Schwenker, R.F. and Pacsu, E., Graft Copolymerization onto Cellulose: Reactions of Sodium Cellulosate and Alkali Cellulose with Vinyl Monomers, Tappi46, 665-672 (1963).
17.
Sumrell, G. , Margavio, M.F., and Welch, C.M., The Acrylation , Methacrylation, and Acrylamidomethylation of Cellulose, Textile Res. J.39, 7885 (1969).
