Some of the Factors Influencing Yarn Tension in Warping

Abstract

The successful warping of coned yarn depends to a major degree on applying equal and con stant tension on each end of yarn so that smooth homogeneous beams are produced. This paper reports a study made to determine the factors which influence warping tensions. Several vari ables inherent in the yarn or in a coned yarn package which affect withdrawal tensions have been found. The variables of yarn twist, ballooning of the yarn during withdrawal, yarn speed, and cone size are discussed as factors which control withdrawal tension in warping. The magni tude and frequency of tension variations caused by these factors are shown by graphic records obtained by suitable recording instruments. The three basic methods for applying tension to the yarn have been classified as multiplying, additive, and compensating. The limitations and advan tages of tension devices incorporating these basic methods in pure and combined forms are dis cussed with reference to the basic equations and graphic records.