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Abstract

The theory of silk degumming developed in Part II is applied to practical conditions of boiling-off silk hosiery. About 80 tests were conducted on 10 pound lots totaling over 1000 dozen pairs of stockings, besides tests on loads up to 500 pounds each. Operating conditions employed in boiling-off hosiery are reviewed. At 200° F., with a water ratio of 20 to 1, in a reciprocating drum on 98 denier silk soaked in a soluble sulphonated oil, the values of k for different alkalies and for soap were found to be as follows: (Values of the degumming coefficient, k₁, on the pound basis are given for comparison.)

k k, Reagent (equivalent basis) (pound basis) Soap .01 Normal..... 184 .605 .02 " ..... 152 .500 .04 " ..... 104 .342 .06 " ..... 71 .233 .08 " ..... 49 .161 .10 " ..... 33 .108 Sodium hydroxide..... 144 3.60 Sodium carbonate..... 121 2.27 Sodium silicates Ratio of SiO₂/Na₂O %Na₂O 1.0 10.5 175 .595 1.63 19.4 164 1.025 2.62 29.9 101 .975 3.73 8.9 61 .175 Trisodium phosphate..... 51 .400 Borax..... 28 .147 Sodium bicarbonate..... 25 .298

For soap solutions log₁₀ k = 2.236 - 8.21 N₀ where No is the initial normality. The most rapid rate of degumming in soap occurs at a normality of 1/(2.3) (8.21) = .053 N. Values of k vary inversely with the 3/4-power of yarn denierage. The temperature coefficient of k was enormous, increasing three-fold from 180° to 200° F. and may be represented by the equation In k =— 20900//T + b where T is in degree Rankine.

An increase in agitation increases the value of k, due to an increased rate of diffusion. For a given rate of rotation the coefficient k seems to be independent of the size of machine. Values of k were 30% higher for yarns soaked in a soluble sulphonated oil than when soaked in a soap-fixed oil combination. Values of k seemed highest for a loading of one pound of stock to 20 pounds of water. Correction factors for temperature and yarn size are given, also the time schedule for boilind-off hosiery with different concentrations of soap and sodium carbonate.

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