In this paper, a new analytical model is proposed that employs experimental data as input to predict the in-plane shear modulus of plain-woven fabric composites. This model boasts high efficiency and rapid computation. Initially, the composite yarn is considered as an idealized curved beam, with its undulation path described by an arc curve and its cross-section simplified into a lenticular shape. Subsequently, a force analysis of the yarn segment is conducted, and the results of the analytical model are derived using the minimum potential energy principle and Castigliano’s second theorem. The input parameters for the analytical model are obtained through thermal ablation experiments and microscopic observations, with T300/Cycom970 plain-woven fabric composites selected as the experimental subject. In addition, tensile tests on ±45° laminates are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the analytical model. The results demonstrate a minimal deviation of −4.15% between the experimental outcomes and the predictions of the analytical model, thereby verifying the model’s validity and the accuracy of the experimental parameters. Leveraging the validated model, the study investigates the influence of crimp ratio and fiber volume fraction on the in-plane shear modulus. Furthermore, to enhance the applicability of the model, a simplified improvement scheme that incorporates temperature and humidity considerations is proposed. This model not only effectively addresses the mechanical property analysis challenges of plain-woven fabric composites, but also provides valuable references for parameter estimation, model construction and experimental design of other woven composite materials.
BoissePHamilaNGuzman-MaldonadoE, et al.
The bias-extension test for the analysis of in-plane shear properties of textile composite reinforcements and prepregs: a review. Int J Mater Form2017;
10: 473–492.
2.
CaoJAkkermanRBoisseP, et al.
Characterization of mechanical behavior of woven fabrics: Experimental methods and benchmark results. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf2008;
39: 1037–1053.
3.
LinHCliffordMJLongAC, et al.
Finite element modelling of fabric shear. Modelling Simul Mater Sci Eng2009;
17: 015008.
4.
BarburskiMStraumitIZhangX, et al.
Micro-CT analysis of internal structure of sheared textile composite reinforcement. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf2015;
73: 45–54.
5.
ZengQSunLGeJ, et al.
Damage characterization and numerical simulation of shear experiment of plain woven glass-fiber reinforced composites based on 3D geometric reconstruction. Compos Struct2020;
233: 111746.
6.
ZhuangWChenSYangX, et al.
Meso/macroscale study on the shear failure of CFRP laminates considering fibre rotation. Thin-Walled Struct2022;
181: 110105
7.
WangHWangZ.Statistical analysis of yarn feature parameters in C/Epoxy plain-weave composite using micro CT with high-resolution lens-coupled detector. Appl Compos Mater2016;
23: 601–622.
8.
YuX-WWangHWangZ-W.Analysis of yarn fiber volume fraction in textile composites using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. J Reinf Plast Compos2019;
38: 199–210.
9.
De CarvalhoNVPinhoSTRobinsonP.An experimental study of failure initiation and propagation in 2D woven composites under compression. Compos Sci Technol2011;
71: 1316–1325.
10.
WijayaWAliMAUmerR, et al.
An automatic methodology to CT-scans of 2D woven textile fabrics to structured finite element and voxel meshes. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf2019;
125: 105561.
11.
MendozaATrulloRWielhorskiY.Descriptive modeling of textiles using FE simulations and deep learning. Compos Sci Technol2021;
213: 108897.
12.
SinchukYShishkinaOGueguenM, et al.
X-ray CT based multi-layer unit cell modeling of carbon fiber-reinforced textile composites: Segmentation, meshing and elastic property homogenization. Compos Struct2022;
298: 116003.
13.
KarahanM.Investigation of damage initiation and propagation in 2 × 2 twill woven carbon/epoxy multi-layer composites. Text Res J2011;
81: 412–428.
14.
KarahanM.The effect of fibre volume fraction on damage initiation and propagation of woven carbon-epoxy multi-layer composites. Text Res J2012;
82: 45–61.
15.
NaouarNVidal-SalléESchneiderJ, et al.
Meso-scale FE analyses of textile composite reinforcement deformation based on X-ray computed tomography. Compos Struct2014;
116: 165–176.
16.
DoitrandAFagianoCLeroyF-H, et al.
On the influence of fabric layer shifts on the strain distributions in a multi-layer woven composite. Compos Struct2016;
145: 15–25.
17.
DoitrandAFagianoCLeroyF-H, et al.
On the influence of fabric layer shifts on the strain distributions in a multi-layer woven composite. Compos Struct2016;
145: 15–25.
18.
KimHJSwanCC.Voxel‐based meshing and unit‐cell analysis of textile composites. Int J Numer Methods Eng2003;
56: 977–1006.
19.
DoitrandAFagianoCIrisarriF-X, et al.
Comparison between voxel and consistent meso-scale models of woven composites. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf2015;
73: 143–154.
20.
DöbrichOGerekeTCherifC.Modeling the mechanical properties of textile-reinforced composites with a near micro-scale approach. Compos Struct2016;
135: 1–7.
21.
XieJLiuCYangZ, et al.
Mechanical modeling of textile composites using fiber-reinforced voxel models. J Compos Mater2020;
54: 2529–2538.
22.
ZhouYLuZYangZ.Progressive damage analysis and strength prediction of 2D plain weave composites. Compos Pt B-Eng2013;
47: 220–229.
23.
MatveevMYLongACJonesIA.Modelling of textile composites with fibre strength variability. Compos Sci Technol2014;
105: 44–50.
24.
ZhuCZhuPLiuZ.Uncertainty analysis of mechanical properties of plain woven carbon fiber reinforced composite via stochastic constitutive modeling. Compos Struct2019;
207: 684–700.
25.
XuSHeSLiJ, et al.
A progressive damage model for quasi-static tension of 2D woven composites and FEM implementation. Compos Struct2023;
320: 117168.
SungKHJinKKHuangY.Micro-mechanics of failure (MMF) for continuous fiber reinforced composites. J Compos Mater2008;
42: 1873–1895.
28.
TranTKellyDPrustyBG, et al.
A micromechanical sub-modelling technique for implementing Onset Theory. Compos Struct2013;
103: 1–8.
29.
XuLHuangYZhaoC, et al.
Progressive failure prediction of woven fabric composites using a multi-scale approach. Int J Damage Mech2018;
27: 97–119.
30.
WangM.A multiscale method across three length scales for progressive damage analysis of plain woven composites. Appl Compos Mater2021;
28: 1919–1944.
31.
KimD-JKimG-WBaekJ, et al.
Prediction of stress-strain behavior of carbon fabric woven composites by deep neural network. Compos Struct2023;
318: 117073.
32.
ZhouRGaoWLiuW.An MMF3 criterion based multi-scale strategy for the failure analysis of plain-woven fabric composites and its validation in the open-hole compression tests. Materials2021;
14: 4393.
33.
ZhouRGaoWLiuW, et al.
Effects of open-hole and reinforcement on the bearing performance of the plain-woven fabric composite I-section beams under shear load. Aerospace2022;
9: 537.
NaikNKTiwariSIKumarRS.An analytical model for compressive strength of plain weave fabric composites. Compos Sci Technol2003;
63: 609–625.
37.
XiongJJShenoiRAChengX.A modified micromechanical curved beam analytical model to predict the tension modulus of 2D plain weave fabric composites. Compos Pt B-Eng2009;
40: 776–783.
38.
ChengXXiongJBaiJ.Analytical solution for predicting in-plane elastic shear properties of 2D orthogonal PWF composites. Chin J Aeronaut2012;
25: 575–583.
39.
ZhouRGaoWLiuW, et al.
An analytical model for the uniaxial tensile modulus of plain-woven fabric composites and its application and experimental validation. Aerospace2022;
9: 26.
40.
StolyarovOErshovS.Experimental study and finite element analysis of mechanical behavior of plain weave fabric during deformation through a cross-section observation. Mater Today Commun2022;
31: 103367.
41.
ASTM D3171‐15. Standard test methods for constituent content of composite materials, 2015.
42.
ASTM D3518/D3518M-18. Standard test method for in-plane shear response of polymer matrix composite materials by tensile test of a ±45° laminate, 2018.
