We report on the synthesis of CuO/TiO2 composites via a photo-assisted deposition method. The encapsulated clove oil was synthesized using oil-in-water emulsification. The optimum mass ratio of CuO:TiO2 was combined with encapsulated clove oil and then coated on fabric. The obtained CuO/TiO2 composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy to scrutinize their morphology and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra to identify the composites’ absorption range and bandgap energy. The modified fabrics were then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that CuO/TiO2 samples possess spheroidal shapes, while the absorption spectra of CuO/TiO2 samples were red-shifted to the visible region as the CuO content increased. Photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 were examined by degrading methylene blue under ultraviolet light, which shows that CuO-doped TiO2 exhibits higher activity than TiO2. The self-cleaning functionality of the modified fabrics was examined using sludge solution, revealing that the modified fabrics with CuO/TiO2 composites and encapsulated clove oil (CLO-CuO/TiO2) exhibit cleaner surfaces than blank fabric. The optimum capacity of the fabrics as repellents was obtained in a sample with the smallest average mosquitoes landing of four.
LeksonoASGamaZP.Distribusi dan komposisi nyamuk di wilayah Mojokerto. Biotropika J Tropic Biol2013;
1: 80–85.
2.
DahniarA.Pengaruh asap obat nyamuk terhadap kesehatan dan struktur histologi sistem pernafasan. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala2011;
11: 52–59.
3.
SritabutraDSoonweraM.Repellent activity of herbal essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say.). Asian Pacific J Tropic Dis2013;
3: 271–276.
4.
RibeiroADMarquesJForteM, et al.
Microencapsulation of citronella oil for solar-activated controlled release as an insect repellent. Appl Mater Today2016;
5: 90–97.
5.
EstevinhoBNRochaFSantosL, et al.
Microencapsulation with chitosan by spray drying for industry applications – a review. Trend Food Sci Technol2013;
31: 138–155.
6.
KalaSAgarwalASoganN, et al.
Chitosan-acrylate nanogel for durable anti mosquito finishing of cotton fabric and its dermal toxicity profiling on Swiss albino mice. Colloid Surf B Biointerfaces2019;
181: 789–797.
7.
VanitSSuppakulPJinkarnT.Antimicrobial effects of coating solution containing clove oil and hydrophobic starch for coating paperboard. Asian J Food Agro Ind2010;
3: 204–212.
8.
KarimiLYazdanshenasMEKhajaviR, et al.
Using graphene/TiO2 nanocomposite as a new route for preparation of electroconductive, self-cleaning, antibacterial and antifungal cotton fabric without toxicity. Cellulose2014;
21: 3813–3827.
9.
HaryaIIzinilahFRizkinaI, et al.
Study of self cleaning fabric modified by Cu doped TiO2 with the addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). AIP Conf Proc2018;
2024: 020071.
10.
FarahJIbadurrohmanMSlamet.
Synthesis of CuO-TiO2 nano-composite for formaldehyde degradation application. AIP Conf Proc2019;
2175: 020044.
11.
KristiantoDIbadurrohmanMSetiadi, et al.
Development of antibacterial fabrics by CuO doped TiO2 composites. Asian J Chem2021;
33: 1537–1540.
12.
FarahJIbadurrohmanMSlamet.
Synthesis of CuO-TiO2 nano-composite for Escherichia coli disinfection and toluene degradation. AIP Conf Proc2020;
2237: 020050.
13.
PelawiLSlametElysabethT.Combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis for hydrogen production and decolorization of tartrazine dyes using CuO-TiO2 nanotubes photocatalysts. AIP Conf Proc2020;
2223: 040001.
14.
DwirekoIHIbadurrohmanMSlamet.Synthesis of TiO2-SiO2-CuO nanocomposite material and its activities for self-cleaning. Evergreen Joint J Novel Carbon Resour Sci Green Asia Strat2020;
7: 285–291.
15.
Moemenbellah-FardMDShahriari-NamadiMKelidariHR, et al.
Chemical composition and repellent activity of nine medicinal essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, the main malaria vector. Int J Tropic Insect Sci2021;
41: 1325–1332.
16.
ReussFKreßABraunM, et al.
Knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, and public acceptance and effectiveness of Bti and two self-prepared insecticides against Aedes japonicus japonicus. Sci Rep2020;
10: 18901.
17.
KhannaSChakrabortyJN.Mosquito repellent activity of cotton functionalized with inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin citrate and essential oils. Fashion Text2018;
5: 9.
18.
SodhiPSRawaNSaxenaU. Low cost herbal mosquito repellent using arm based device. In: 2018 7th international conference on reliability, infocom technologies and optimization (trends and future directions) (ICRITO). Conferencelocation: Noida, India. 29-31 August 2018. Paper Number: 10.1109/ICRITO.2018.8748840. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2018, pp.545–550.
19.
BasakSLahaABarM, et al.
Recent advances in protective textile materials.Adv Text Eng Mater2018; 1855: 55–86.
20.
HarismahKVitasariDMirzaeiM, et al.
Protection capacity of mosquito repellent ink from citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) and clove leaf oils (Syzygium aromaticum) againts Aedes aegypti. AIP Conf Proc2017;
1855: 020023.
21.
ShapiroR.Prevention of vector transmitted diseases with clove oil insect repellent. J Pediatr Nurs Nurs Care Children Families2012;
27: 346–349.
22.
PohlitAMLopesNPGamaRA, et al.
Patent literature on mosquito repellent inventions which contain plant essential oils-a review. Planta Medica2011;
77: 598–617.
23.
BhatSKKemprajV.Biocidal potential of clove oils against Aedes albopictus - a comparative study. African J Biotechnol2009;
8: 6933–6937.
24.
TrongtokitYRongsriyamYKomalamisraN, et al.
Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Phytother Res2005;
19: 303–309.
25.
TseghaiGB.Mosquito repellent finish of cotton fabric by extracting castor oil. Int J Sci Eng Res2016;
7: 873–878.
26.
ElsayedGAHassaboAG.Insect repellent of cellulosic fabrics (a review). Lett Appl NanoBioScience2021;
11: 3181–3190.
27.
El-sayedAAAmrAKamelOMHM, et al.
Eco-friendly fabric modification based on AgNPs@ Moringa for mosquito repellent applications. Cellulose2020;
27: 8429–8442.
28.
BaharudinAJaniNAAzreenA, et al.
Potential of citronella oil as natural mosquito repellent agent in formulated fabric softener finishes. Borneo Akademika2020;
4: 1–12.
29.
WangYZhangRLiJ, et al.
First-principles study on transition metal-doped anatase TiO2. Nanoscale Res Lett2014;
9: 46.
30.
ZaleskaA.Doped-TiO2: a review. Recent Patent Eng2008;
2: 157–164.
31.
SlametHWNPurnamaERiyaniK, et al.
Effect of copper species in a photocatalytic synthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide over copper-doped titania catalysts. World Appl Sci J2009;
6: 112–122.
32.
PramodKSuneeshCShanavasS, et al.
Unveiling the compatibility of eugenol with formulation excipients by systematic drug-excipient compatibility studies. J Anal Sci Technol2015;
6: 1–14 (Article number 34).
33.
FajriatiIMudasirMWahyuniET.Photocatalytic decolorization study of methyl orange by TiO2 chitosan nanocomposites. Indonesian J Chem2014;
14: 209–218.
34.
HouasALachhebHKsibiM, et al.
Photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue in water. Appl Catal B Environ2001;
31: 145–157.
35.
LiHLiCHanL, et al.
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O on CuO/TiO2 catalysts.Energ Source A Recov Utiliz Environ Effect2016;
38: 420–426.
36.
XuY-hLiangD-hLiuM-l, et al.
Preparation and characterization of Cu2O–TiO2: efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Mater Res Bull2008;
43: 3474–3482.
37.
ZuoRDuGZhangW, et al.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO2 impregnated diatomite. Adv Mater Sci Eng2014;
2014: 170148.
38.
WuJLiCZhaoX, et al.
Photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by CuO/TiO2. Appl Catal B Environ2015;
176-177: 559–569.
39.
ZhongJZengJLiJ, et al.
Effect of SiO2 content on the catalytic performance of SiO2-TiO2 composite photocatalyst. J Adv Oxidat Technol2014;
17: 99–103.
40.
PanXYangM-QFuX, et al.
Defective TiO2 with oxygen vacancies: synthesis, properties and photocatalytic applications. Nanoscale2013;
5: 3601–3614.
41.
BanerjeeSDionysiouDDPillaiSC.Self-cleaning applications of TiO2 by photo-induced hydrophilicity and photocatalysis. Appl Catal B Environ2015;
176-177: 396–428.
42.
SpecosMMMGarcíaJJTorneselloJ, et al.
Microencapsulated citronella oil for mosquito repellent finishing of cotton textiles. Trans R Soc Tropic Med Hyg2010;
104: 653–658.
43.
KalitaBBoraSSharmaA.Plant essential oils as mosquito repellent-a review. Int J Res Dev Pharm Life Sci2014;
3: 741–747.
