Characterization of compression behaviors of Acupoint Catgut-embedding monofilaments for the human body: A test method of monofilaments by the three-point bending model

Abstract

Acupoint Catgut-embedding therapy (ACET) is considered an advanced method for the treatment of juvenile pseudomyopia. However, the existing test methods of ACE monofilaments cannot meet the desire for accurate measurement and convenient operation. This paper presents a study of the compression behaviors of ACE monofilaments developed for the human body. To investigate a convenient and accurate test method for monofilaments, different materials, including polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolide acid (PGA), were designed to a curved rod shape based on the three-point bending model used in this work. Variables, including the number of winding laps, the diameter of the compression platens and the compression rate of specimens, were discussed by the platform compression method. Properties such as radial force, the compression modulus and recovery ratio were also tested and analyzed. The results revealed that the winding lap of 25r was selected as the most suitable number according to the principles of stability and accuracy. The diameter of the compression platen should be larger than the outer diameter of the specimens, due to which the diameter of 5 mm was less than expected in this work. Meanwhile, the average value of the maximum radial force (F) was PP (98.35 cN) > PLA-1 (84.67 cN) > PGA (63.68 cN) > PLA-2 (39.24 cN) > PLA-3 (20.15 cN). The compression rate of 50% should be selected as the optimum parameter. In conclusion, this test method of monofilaments was successfully developed and has a potential application for the characterization of compression behaviors of ACE monofilaments for the human body.

Keywords

acupoint Catgut-embedding therapy compression behaviors three-point bending model winding laps compression platens

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ren

. Treatment of 24 cases of juvenile pseudomyopia by acupuncture plus rotary exercise. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2004; 2: 53–54.

Maruyama

Minagawa

. Acupuncture treatment for pseudomyopia. J Jpn Acupunct Moxibust Soc 1993; 43: 58–63.

Liu

Gong

et al.

Clinical study on acupuncture for treatment of juvenile moderate and mild myopia. Chin Acupunct Moxibust 2003; 23: 147–150.

Zhang

. Clinical effects of acupuncture treatment for adolescent myopia 126 cases. J Liaoning Univ Trad Chin Med 2011; 13: 169–170.

Garcia-Vivas

Galaviz-Hernandez

Becerril-Chavez

et al.

Acupoint catgut embedding therapy with moxibustion reduces the risk of diabetes in obese women. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19: 610–610.

Ijaz

Boon

Muzzin

et al.

State risk discourse and the regulatory preservation of traditional medicine knowledge: the case of acupuncture in Ontario, Canada. Soc Sci Med 2016; 170: 97–105.

Capozza RC. Spinning and shaping poly-(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). U.S. Patent 3,988,411[P]. 1976-10-26, USA, 1976.

Wang

Liu

Liang

et al.

Analytical and experimental study on flexural behavior of pultruded fibre reinforced polymer sheet piles. J Compos Mater 2015; 50: 1–8.

Xiong

Liu

et al.

Experimental study of the flexural and compression performance of an innovative pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced polymer-wood composite profile. Plos One 2015; 10: e0140893–e0140893.

10.

Chapman

. 24—The bending stress-strain properties of single fiber and the effect of temperature and relative humidity. J Text Inst 1973; 64: 312–327.

11.

Reddy

Binienda

. Prediction of crack initiation in unidirectional composite beams subject to 4-point bending. Compos Eng 1994; 4: 703–714.

12.

Finlayson

. Yarns for special purposes-effect of filament size. J Text Inst Proc 1946; 37: P168–P80.

13.

Shi

. Research based on the hanging weight calibration method of the electronic belt scale instrument. Instrum Technol 2009; 7: 23–23.

14.

Nakka

Thumu

Svs

et al.

The study of gamma irradiation effects on poly (glycolic acid). Radiat Effect Defect Solid 2015; 170: 439–450.

15.

Zheng

Dai

Fan

. Fracture analysis of FRP-Plated notched concrete beams subjected to three-point bending. J Eng Mech 2015; 142: 04015096–04015096.

16.

Hara

Yokozeki

Hatta

et al.

Comparison of out-of-plane tensile moduli of CFRP laminates obtained by 3-point bending and direct loading tests. Composites Part A 2014; 67: 77–85.

17.

Brenner

. Characterization of radial force and radial stiffness in ca2+-activated skinned fibers of the rabbit psoas muscle. J Physiol Lond 1991; 441: 703–718.

18.

Huang

Fei

et al.

Effect of aramid pulp on improving mechanical and wet tribological properties of carbon fabric/phenolic composites. Tribol Int 2016; 104: 237–246.

19.

Kai

Tan

Prabhakaran

et al.

Biocompatible electrically conductive nanofibers from inorganic-organic shape memory polymers. Colloid Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148: 557–565.

20.

Wang

Jia

. Effects of compression ratio on water resistant properties of biomass brick. Constr Build Mater 2016; 127: 784–803.