Image Analysis Measurements of White Specks on U.S. Extreme Varieties of Cotton

Abstract

White specks are a specific type of fiber defect that result in high financial losses to the cotton industry. Fiber entanglements are called neps. Neps that involve immature fibers do not dye properly and appear as white specks on the dyed fabric. Studies to predict white specks from bale fiber measurements are underway. Initially a reliable method for measuring white specks is needed. Several systems have been evaluated and are reported here. The systems accuracy was compared using fiber from the US Extreme Variety Study, which was grown specifically to have different levels of white specks. This paper sets out the experimental work and analysis undertaken to develop and validate a system for reliably quantifying the amount of white specks in a woven fabric. Four image analysis systems are compared. This includes two industrial imaging systems (Cambridge and Optimas)² and two systems specifically developed for white speck analysis (Cotton Incorporated’s prototype and AutoRate). The Cambridge system was too sensitive for this application, and the Cotton Incorporated system was found to have drift in the data over time so that the problem could not be identified. The Optimas system is time consuming and not accurate enough for this application. The AutoRate system gives the most accurate measurements of white specks in the minimal amount of time, with minimal operator error, of all of the systems studied and is currently being used in developing prediction of white specks from bale fiber properties.

Keywords

cotton maturity nep white speck image analysis

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Peter, U. , and Bowes, Q.

Quality Variations in Cotton and Their Effects on Bleaching, Dyeing and Finishing

, Melliand Textilberichte, 70, 135-137 (1989).

Cheek, L. , and Wilcock, A. , Relationship between Direct Dye Characteristics and Coverage of Immature Fiber Neps in Dyed Cotton Fabric , J. Soc. Dyers and Colorists 104, 477-477 (1988).

Anthony, W. S. , Baker, R. V. , and Hughs, S. E. “Ginning for Maximum Grade without Excessive Short Fibers, Neps and Trash”, The Cotton Gin and Oil Mill Press , pp. 14-17, TX, USA , 1986.

Bragg, C. K. and Simpson, C. L.

“Solving Cotton Quality Problems: White Specks and Bark in Textile Products.”

Proc. of the Beltwide Cotton Production Conference, 1, pp. 97-99 , National Cotton Council of America, TN, USA, 1992.

Miravaille, R. J. , Mangialardi, G. J. , and Lalor, W. F. Neps in Cotton Genotypes Grown in Six Locations across the Cotton Belt in 1984 , in Proc. of the Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conference, pp. 426-428 , National Cotton Council of America, TN, USA, 1986.

Alon, G. , and Alexander, E. , Mechanism of Nep Formation , Melliand Textilberichte, pp. 753-753 , 1978.