Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Yarn pull-out can be an important energy absorption mechanism during the ballistic impact of woven Kevlar® fabric. This study reports the effects of fabric length, number of yarns pulled, arrangement of yarns, and transverse tension on the force-displacement curves for yam pull-out tests on Kevlar® KM-2 fabric under laboratory conditions. A semi-empirical model is presented for predicting the yam pull-out force and energy as a function of pull-out distance, including both yarn uncrimping and subsequent yam translation. This model is found to replicate the experimental data with a high degree of accuracy, and should prove useful for understanding ballistic experiments and improving computational modeling of fabrics.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bazhenov, S. , Dissipation of Energy by Bulletproof Aramid Fabric, J. Mater. Sci. 32, 4167-4173 (1997).

Briscoe, B.J. , and Motamedi, F. , The Ballistic Impact Characteristics of Aramid Fabrics: The Influence of Interface Friction, Wear 158, 229-247 (1992).

Carr, D.J. , Failure Mechanisms of Yams Subjected to Ballistic Impact, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18 , 585-588 (1999).

Cheeseman, B.A. , and Bogetti, T.A. , Ballistic Impact into Fabric and Compliant Composite Laminates, Comp. Struct. 61, 161-173 (2003).

Dischler, L. , Moyer, T.T. , and Henson, J.B. , Dilatant Powder Coated Fabric and Containment Articles Formed Therefrom, U.S. patent 5776839, 1998.

Jacob, M.J. , and Van Dingenen, J.L.J. , Ballistic Protection Mechanisms in Personal Armour, J. Mater. Sci. 36, 3137-3142 (2001).

Kawataba, S. , Niwa, M. , and Kawai, H. , The Finite-deformation Theory of Plain-weave Fabrics, J. Textile Inst. 64, 21-85 (1973).

Kirkwood, J.E. , Kirkwood, K.M. , Lee , Y.S. , Egres, R.G. , Wetzel, E.D. , and Wagner, N.J. , Yam Pull-out as a Mechanism for Dissipation of Ballistic Impact Energy in Kevlar KM-2, Part II : Predicting Ballistic Performance, Textile Res. J. (in press).

Kirkwood, K.M. , Kirkwood, J.E. , Lee , Y.S. , Egres, R.G. , Wetzel, E.D. , and Wagner, N.J. , Yam Pull-out as a Mechanism for Dissipation of Ballistic Impact Energy in Kevlar KM-2, Part I: Quasistatic Characterization of Yarn Pull-out, U.S. Army Research Laboratory Technical Report (in press).

10.

Lee, Y.S. , Wetzel, E.D. , and Wagner, N.J. , The Ballistic Impact Characteristics of Kevlar Woven Fabrics Impregnated with a Colloidal Shear Thickening Fluid, J. Mater. Sci. 38, 2825-2833 (2003).

11.

Martinez, M.A. , Navarro, C. , Cortes , R. , Rodriguez, J. , and Sanchez-Galvez , V. , Friction and Wear Behaviour of Kevlar Fabrics, J. Mater. Sci. 28, 1305-131 (1993).

12.

Motamedi, F. , Bailey, A.I. , Briscoe , B.J. , and Tabor, J. , Theory and Practice of Localized Fabric Deformations, Textile, Res. J. 59, 160-172 (1989).

13.

Park, R. , and Jang, J. , Effect of Laminate Geometry on Impact Performance of Aramid Fiber/Polyethylene Fiber Hybrid Composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci . 75, 952-959 (2000).

14.

Roylance, D. , Wilde, A. , and Tocci, G. , Ballistic Impact of Textile Structures, Textile Res. J. 43, 34-41 (1973).

15.

Sebastian, S.A.R.D. , Bailey, A.I. , Briscoe , B.J. , and Tabor, D. , Extensions, Displacements, and Forces Associated with Pulling a Single Yam from a Fabric J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 20, 130-139 (1987).

16.

Sebastian, S.A.R.D. , Bailey, A.I. , Briscoe , B.J. , and Tabor, D. , Effect of a Softening Agent on Yam Pull-out Force of a Plain Weave Fabric, Textile Res. J. 56, 604-611 ( 1986).

17.

Shockey, D.A. , Erlich, D.C. , and Simons, J.W. , Improved Barriers to Turbine Engine Fragments: Interim Report III, DOT/FAA/AR-99/8, III, 2001.

Yarn Pull-Out as a Mechanism for Dissipating Ballistic Impact Energy in Kevlar® KM-2 Fabric

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References