Viscoelastic Behavior of Fibers During Woven Fabric Bagging

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the viscoelastic behavior of fibers during the woven fabric bagging process through a series of experiments and a mathematical model to simulate bagging under the testing conditions. Through a large number of computational experiments, the elastic modulus E ₁ , viscoelastic modulus E ₂, fiber relaxation time T, and three weighting coefficients (k3, k4, k ₅) are determined for six woven fabrics made from different fibers. A comparison of the experimental measurements with the predicted bagging behavior of the fabrics reveals that the mathematical model is able to predict bagging behavior with reasonable accuracy. The results show that the viscoelastic behav ior of fibers in the six fabrics is significantly different during bagging. Nylon and polyester have a high elasticity ratio (E, ), a low viscoelasticity ratio (E ₂), and a large relaxation time T. Silk, viscose, and cotton fibers have a low elasticity ratio ( E, ), a high viscoelas ticity ratio (E ₂), and a small relaxation time T. For cotton and wool, with the same level of viscoelasticity (E ₂), the stress relaxation process is determined by relaxation time T. These results suggest that fiber viscoelastic behavior plays a key role in determining fabric rheological behavior during bagging.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Feughelman, M. , and Robinson. M.S. , Some Mechanical Properties of Wool Fibers in the "Hookean" Region from Zero to 100% Relative Humidity. Textile. Res. J. 41, 469-474(1971).

Feughelman, M. , A Two-Phase Structure for Keratin Fibers , Textile Res. J. 29, 223-228 (1959).

Gronewald, K.N. , and Zoll, W. , Practical Methods for Determining the "Bagging" Tendency in Textiles, Int. Textile Bull. Weaving 3, 273-275 (1973).

Morton, W.E. , and Hearle, J.W.S. , Physical Properties of Textile Fibers. Manchester, U.K.: The Textile Institute. 1993a, p. 282-283, 625.

Standard of the Ministry of Textiles of P.R.C. FJ 552. 6-85, Testing Methods for Bagging of Woven and Knitted Fabrics, 1985.

Thomas, W. , Celanese Bagging Test for Knit Fabrics, J. Am. Assoc. Textile Chem. Color. 3, 231-233 (1971).

Wortmann, F.-J. , and de Jong, S. , Analysis of the Humidity-Time Superposition for Wool Fibers, Textile Res. J. 55, 750-756 (1985).

Yokura, H. , Nagae, S. , and Niwa, M. Prediction of Fabric Bagging from Mechanical Properties. Textile Res. J. 56, 748-754 (1986).

Zhang, X. , Li, Y. , Yeung, K.W. , and Yao, M. , Determining Coefficients in Mathematical Modeling Woven Fabric Bagging Behavior Using Surface Response Method, Int. J. Clothing Sci. Technol . (submitted for publication).

10.

Zhang, X. , Li, Y. , Yeung, K.W. , and Yao. M. , Fabric Bagging, Part II: Objective Evaluation and Physical Mechanism , Textile Res. J. 69, 598-606 (1998).

11.

Zhang, X. , Li, Y. , Yeung, K.W. , and Yao, M. , Fabric Bagging: The Rheological Mechanism and Predictions, J. Textile Inst. (in press).

12.

Zhang, X. , Li, Y. , Yeung, K.W. , and Yao. M. , Mathematical Simulation of Fabric Bagging, Textile Res. J . 70, 18-28 (2000).

13.

Zhang, X. , Li, Y. , Yeung, K.W. , and Yao, M. , Relative Contributions of Elastic, Viscoelastic, and Frictional Deformation During Wool Woven Fabric Bagging, (submitted for publication).

14.

Zhang, X. , Yao, M. , Miao, M.H. , Yeung, K.W. , Dhingra, R. , and Li, Y. , A Test Method for Fabric Bagging, in "Book of Abstracts, The Fiber Society—A Joint International Conference," France, 1997 , pp. 178-181.