Mnemonic Strategies Instructional Techniques Worth Remembering

Atkinson R. C. (1975). Mnemotechnics in second-language learning. American Psychologist, 30, 821–828.

Chall J. S. (1987). Two vocabularies for reading: Recognition and meaning. In McKeown M. G. & Curtis M. E. (Eds.), Vocabulary acquisition (pp. 7–17). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Eylon B. , & Linn M. C. (1988). Learning and instruction: An examination of four research perspectives on science education. Review of Educational Research, 58, 251–301.

Graves A. W. , & Levin J. R. (1989). Comparison of monitoring and mnemonic text-processing strategies in learning-disabled students. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12, 232–236.

Higbee K. L. (1988). Your memory: How it works and how to improve it (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Levin J. R. (1981). The mnemonic '80s: Keywords in the classroom. Educational Psychologist, 16, 65–82.

Levin J. R. (1983). Pictorial strategies for school learning: Practical illustrations. In Pressley M. & Levin J. R. (Eds.), Cognitive strategy research: Educational applications (pp. 213–237). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Levin J. R. (1985). Educational applications of mnemonic pictures: Possibilities beyond your wildest imagination. In Sheikh A. A. & Sheikh K. S. (Eds.), Imagery in education: Imagery in the educational process (pp. 63–87). Farmingdale, NY: Baywood.

Levin J. R. (in press). Mnemonic strategies and classroom learning: A 20-year report card. Elementary School Journal.

Levin J. R. Dretzke B. J. McCormick C. B. Scruggs T. E. McGivern J. E. , & Mastropieri M. A. (1983). Learning via mnemonic pictures: Analysis of the presidential process. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 31, 161–173.

Levin J. R. Levin M. E. Cotton J. W. Bartholomew S. Hasty K. Hughes C. , & Townsend E. A. (1990). What do college students learn from and about an innovative vocabulary-learning strategy? In Biggs S. A. (Ed.), Innovative learning strategies, 1989–1990. Pittsburgh, PA: College Reading Improvement Special Interest Group of the International Reading Association.

Levin J. R. , & Pressley M. (1985). Mnemonic vocabulary instruction: What's fact, what's fiction. In Dillon R. F. (Ed.), Individual differences in cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 145–172). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

Levin M. E. , & Levin J. R. (1990). Scientific mnemonomies: Methods for maximizing more than memory. American Educational Research Journal, 27, 301–321.

Mastropieri M. A. (1988). Using the keyboard (sic) method. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 20(2), 4–8.

Mastropieri M. A. , & Scruggs T. E. (1989). Constructing more meaningful relationships: Mnemonic instruction for special populations. Educational Psychology Review, 1, 83–111.

Mastropieri M. A. Scruggs T. E. , & Levin J. R. (1987). Mnemonic instruction in special education. In McDaniel M. A. & Pressley M. (Eds.), Imagery and related mnemonic processes: Theories, individual differences, and applications (pp. 358–376). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Mastropieri M. A. Scruggs T. E. Levin J. R. Gaffney J. , & McLoone B. (1985). Mnemonic vocabulary instruction for learning disabled students. Learning Disability Quarterly, 8, 57–63.

McCormick C. B. , & Levin J. R. (1987). Mnemonic prose-learning strategies. In McDaniel M. A. & Pressley M. (Eds.), Imagery and related mnemonic processes: Theories, individual differences, and applications (pp. 392–406). New York: Springer-Verlag.

O'Sullivan J. T. , & Pressley M. (1984). Completeness of instruction and strategy transfer. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 275–288.

Pressley M. , & Levin J. R. (1987). Elaborative learning strategies for the inefficient learner. In Ceci S. J. (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive, social, and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities (Vol. 2, pp. 175–212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Pressley M. Levin J. R. , & McDaniel M. A. (1987). Remembering versus inferring what a word means: Mnemonic and contextual approaches. In McKeown M. G. & Curtis M. E. (Eds.), The nature of vocabulary acquisition (pp. 107–127). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Rosenheck M. B. Levin M. E. , & Levin J. R. (1989). Learning botany concepts mnemonically: Seeing the forest and the trees. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 196–203.

Roth K. J. (1989). Science education: It's not enough to “do” or “relate.” American Educator, 13(4), 16–22, 46–48.

Schatz E. , & Baldwin R. S. (1986). Context clues are unreliable predictors of word meanings. Reading Research Quarterly, 21, 439–453.

Scruggs T. E. Mastropieri M. A. , & Levin J. R. (1985). Vocabulary acquisition by mentally retarded students under direct and mnemonic instruction. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 546–551.

Scruggs T. E. Mastropieri M. A. Levin J. R. , & Gaffney J. (1985). Facilitating the acquisition of science facts in learning disabled students. American Educational Research Journal, 22, 575–586.

Sternberg R. J. (1987). Most vocabulary is learned from context. In McKeown M. G. & Curtis M. E. (Eds.), The nature of vocabulary acquisition (pp. 89–105). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Swanson H. L. (Ed.). (1987). Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities: Memory and learning disabilities. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Wendel R. (1989, March). A longitudinal study of beginning secondary teachers' decision making from planning through instruction. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.