Ms. Smith and Ms. Alvarez, special education teachers at Harris Middle School, have had many conversations about how to balance all their responsibilities. They are accountable for teaching academic content standards, and they also must address their students' individual needs, including self-determination skills. They often wonder, “How can we do it all given our limited time and resources?”
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AgranM.BlanchardC.WehmeyerM.HughesC. (2002). Increasing the problem-solving skills of students with developmental disabilities participating in general education. Remedial and Special Education, 23, 279–288.
2.
AgranM.BlanchardC.WehmeyerM. L. (2000). Promoting transition goals and self-determination through student self-directed learning: The self-determined learning model of instruction. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 35, 351–364.
3.
AjibolaO.ClementP. W. (1995). Differential effects of methylphenidate and self-reinforcement on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behavior Modification, 19, 211–233.
4.
AlberS. R.HewardW. L. (2000). Teaching students to recruit positive attention: A literature review with recommendations for practice and future research. Journal of Behavioral Education, 10, 177–204.
5.
AlgozzineB.BrowderD.KarvonenM.TestD. W.WoodW. M. (2001). Effects of interventions to promote self-determination for individuals with disabilities. Review of Educational Research, 71, 219–277.
6.
BaerR. M.FlexerR. W.BeckS.AmstutzN.HoffmanL.BrothersJ. (2003). A collaborative followup study on transition service utilization and post-school outcomes. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 26, 7–25.
7.
BarryL. M.MesserJ. J. (2003). A practical application of self-management for students diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 5, 238–248.
8.
BenzM. R.YovanoffP.DorenB. (1997). School-to-work components that predict postschool success for students with and without disabilities. Exceptional Children, 63, 151–165.
9.
BrooksA.ToddA. W.TofflemoyerS.HornerR. H. (2003). Use of functional assessment and a self-management system to increase academic engagement and work completion. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 5, 144–152.
10.
BrowderD. M.WoodW. M.TestD. W.KarvonenM.AlgozzineB. (2000). Reviewing resources on self-determination: A map for teachers. Remedial and Special Education, 22, 233–244.
11.
CarrS. C.PunzoR. P. (1993). The effects of self-monitoring of academic accuracy and productivity on the performance of students with behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 18, 241–250.
12.
ColleyD. A.JamisonD. (1998). Post school results for youth with disabilities: Key indicators and policy implications. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 21, 145–160.
13.
DiGangiS. A.MaagJ. W.RutherfordR. B. (1991). Self-graphing of on-task behavior: Enhancing the reactive effects of self-monitoring on on-task behavior and academic performance. Learning Disability Quarterly, 14, 221–230.
14.
EdwardsL.SalantV.HowardV. F.BrougherJ.McLaughlinT. F. (1995). Effectiveness of self-management on attentional behavior and reading comprehension for children with attention deficit disorder. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 17 (2), 1–17.
15.
FieldS.MartinJ.MillerR.WardM.WehmeyerM. (1998). A practical guide for teaching self-determination. Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
16.
FowlerC. H.KonradM.WalkerA. R.TestD. W.WoodW. M. (2007). Self-determination interventions' effects on the academic performance of students with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 43, 270–285.
17.
FuchsL. S.BahrC. M.RiethH. J. (1989). Effects of goal structures and performance contingencies on the math performance of adolescents with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 554–560.
18.
GlombN.WestR. P. (1990). Teaching behaviorally disordered adolescents to use self-management skills for improving the completeness, accuracy, and neatness of creative writing homework assignments. Behavioral Disorders, 15, 233–242.
19.
HalpernA. S.YovanoffP.DorenB.BenzM. R. (1995). Predicting participation in postsecondary education for school leavers with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 62, 151–164.
20.
HarrisK. R.GrahamS.ReidR.McElroyK.HambyR. S. (1994). Self-monitoring of attention versus self-monitoring of performance: Replication and cross-task comparison studies. Learning Disability Quarterly, 17, 121–139.
HughesC.CopelandS. R.AgranM.WehmeyerM. L.RodiM. S.PresleyJ. A. (2002). Using self-monitoring to improve performance in general education high school classes. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 37, 262–272.
23.
Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, P.L. 108–446, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400 et seq.
24.
JolivetteK.WehbyJ. H.CanaleJ.MasseyG. (2001). Effects of choice-making opportunities on the behavior of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 26, 131–145.
25.
KonradM.FowlerC. H.WalkerA. R.TestD. W.WoodW. M. (2007). Effects of self-determination interventions on academic skills of students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 30, 89–113.
26.
KonradM.TestD. W. (2007). Effects of GO 4 IT…NOW! strategy instruction on the written IEP goal articulation and paragraph-writing skills of middle school students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 28, 277–291.
27.
KonradM.TrelaK.TestD. W. (2006). The effects of GO 4 IT … NOW! Instruction on paragraph-writing and goal-setting skills of students with orthopedic and cognitive disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 41, 111–124.
28.
LenzK.EhrenB. J.SmileyL. R. (1991). A goal attainment approach to improve completion of project-type assignments by adolescents with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 6, 166–176.
29.
LevendoskiL. S.CartledgeG. (2000). Self-monitoring for elementary school children with serious emotional disturbances: Classroom applications for increased academic responding. Behavioral Disorders, 25, 211–224.
30.
MartinK. F.MannoC. (1995). Use of a check-off system to improve middle school students' story compositions. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28, 139–149.
31.
MartinJ. E.MithaugD. E.CoxP.PetersonL. Y.Van DyckeJ. L.CashM. E. (2003). Increasing self-determination: Teaching students to plan, work, evaluate, and adjust. Exceptional Children, 69, 431–447.
32.
MasonC.FieldS.SawilowskyS. (2004). Implementation of self-determination activities and student participation in IEPs. Exceptional Children, 70, 441–451.
33.
MasonC. Y.McGahee-KovacM.JohnsonL.StillermanS. (2002). Implementing student-led IEPs: Student participation and student and teacher reactions. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 25, 171–192.
34.
McGaheeM.MasonC.WallaceT.JonesB. (2001). Student-led IEPs: A guide for student involvement. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.
35.
MithaugD. E.WehmeyerM. L.AgranM.MartinJ.PalmerS. B. (1998). The self-determined learning model of instruction: Engaging students to solve their learning problems. In WehmeyerM. L.SandsD. J. (Eds.), Making it happen: Student involvement in education planning, decision making and instruction (pp. 299–328). Baltimore: Brookes.
36.
MoesD. R. (1998). Integrating choice-making opportunities within teacher-assigned academic tasks to facilitate the performance of children with autism. Journal of the Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps, 23, 319–328.
37.
O'ReillyM. F.LancioniG.GardinerM.TiernanR.LacyC. (2002). Using a problem-solving approach to teach classroom skills to a student with moderate intellectual disabilities within regular classroom settings. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 49, 95–104.
38.
PalmerS. B.WehmeyerM. L. (2003). Promoting self-determination in early elementary school: Teaching self-regulated problem-solving and goal-setting skills. Remedial and Special Education, 24, 115–126.
39.
PalmerS. B.WehmeyerM. L.GipsonK.AgranM. (2004). Promoting access to the general curriculum by teaching self-determination skills. Exceptional Children, 70, 427–439.
40.
PocockA.LambrosS.KarvonenM.TestD. W.AlgozzineB.WoodW. (2002). Successful strategies for promoting self-advocacy among students with LD: The LEAD group. Intervention in School and Clinic, 37, 209–216.
41.
RaskindM. H.GoldbergR. J.HigginsE. L.HermanK. L. (1999). Patterns of change and predictors of success in individuals with learning disabilities: Results from a twenty-year longitudinal study. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 14, 35–49.
42.
ReidR.HarrisK. R. (1993). Self-monitoring of attention versus self-monitoring of performance: Effects on attention and academic performance. Exceptional Children, 60, 29–40.
43.
SampleP. L. (1998). Postschool outcomes for students with significant emotional disturbance following best-practice transition services. Behavioral Disorders, 23, 231–242.
44.
SawyerR. J.GrahamS.HarrisK. R. (1992). Direct teaching, strategy instruction, and strategy instruction with explicit self-regulation: Effects on composition skills and self-efficacy of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 340–352.
45.
SchunkD. H. (1985). Participation in goal setting: Effects on self-efficacy and skills of learning disabled children. Journal of Special Education, 19, 307–317.
46.
SextonM.HarrisK. R.GrahamS. (1998). Self-regulated strategy development and the writing process: Effects on essay writing and attributions. Exceptional Children, 64, 295–311.
47.
SkinnerC. H.BambergH. W.SmithE. S.PowellS. S. (1993). Cognitive cover, copy, and compare: Subvocal responding to increase rates of accurate division responding. Remedial and Special Education, 14, 49–56.
TestD. W.FowlerC. H.BrewerD. M.WoodW. M. (2005). A content and methodological review of self-advocacy intervention studies. Exceptional Children, 72, 101–125.
50.
ThomaC. A.NathansonR.BakerS. R.TamuraR. (2002). Self-determination: What do special educators know and where do they learn it?. Remedial and Special Education, 23, 242–247.
51.
ThurlowM. L. (2002). Positive educational results for all students: The promise of standards-based reform. Remedial and Special Education, 23, 195–202.
52.
ToddA. W.HornerR. H.SugaiG. (1999). Self-monitoring and self-recruited praise: Effects on problem behavior, academic engagement, and work completion in a typical classroom. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 66–76.
53.
TollefsonN.TracyD. B.JohnsenE. P.ChatmanJ. (1986). Teaching learning disabled students goal-implementation skills. Psychology in the Schools, 23, 194–204.
54.
TrammelD. L.SchlossP. J.AlperS. (1994). Using self-recording, evaluation, and graphing to increase completion of homework assignments. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27, 75–81.
55.
WarnerD. A.deJungJ. E. (1971). Effects of goal setting upon learning in educable retardates. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 75, 681–684.
56.
WeberK. P.McLaughlinT. F. (2000). A comparison of copy, cover, and compare and a traditional spelling intervention for an adolescent with a conduct disorder. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 22, 55–68.
57.
WehmeyerM.SchwartzM. (1997). Self-determination and positive adult outcomes: A follow-up study of youth with mental retardation or learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 63, 245–255.
58.
WehmeyerM.SchwartzM. (1998). The relationship between self-determination and quality of life for adults with mental retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 33, 3–12.
59.
WehmeyerM. L. (1995). The Arc's self-determination scale. Silver Spring, MD: The Arc of the United States.
60.
WehmeyerM. L.AgranM.HughesC. (2000). A national survey of teachers' promotion of self-determination and student-directed learning. Journal of Special Education, 34, 58–68.
61.
WehmeyerM. L.FieldS.DorenB.JonesB.MasonC. (2004). Self-determination and student involvement in standards-based reform. Exceptional Children, 70, 413–425.
62.
WehmeyerM. L.PalmerS. B. (2003). Adult outcomes for students with cognitive disabilities three years after high school: The impact of self-determination. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 131–144.
63.
WehmeyerM. L.PalmerS. B.AgranM.MithaugD. E.MartinJ. E. (2000). Promoting causal agency: The self-determined learning model of instruction. Exceptional Children, 66, 439–453.
64.
WolmanJ. M.CampeauP. L.DuBoisP. A.MithaugD. E.StolarskiV. S. (1994). AIR self-determination scale and user guide. Palo Alto, CA: American Institutes for Research.
65.
WoodD. A.RosenbergM. S.CarranD. T. (1993). The effects of tape-recorded self-instruction cues on the mathematics performance of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 250–258.
66.
ZickelJ. P.ArnoldE. (2001). Putting the I in the IEP. Educational Leadership, 59, 71–73.