Using Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies to Increase Response to Intervention in Inclusive Middle Math Settings

Cawley J. Parmar R. Foley T. E. Salmon S. Roy S. (2001). Arithmetic performance of students: Implications for standards and programming. Exceptional Children, 67, 311–328.

Coley J. D. Hoffman D. M. (1990). Overcoming learned helplessness in at-risk readers. Journal of Reading, 33(7), 497–502.

Council for Exceptional Children (2005). Universal design for learning: A guide for teachers and educational professionals. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children and Pearson Merrill/Prentice-Hall.

Delquadri J. Greenwood C. R. Whorton D. Carta J. J. Hall R. V. (1986). Peer assisted learning strategies. Exceptional Children, 52, 535–542.

Finn J. D. (1989). Withdrawing from school. Review of Educational Research, 59, 117–142.

Fredricks J. A. Blumenfeld P. C. Paris A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109.

Fuchs D. Fuchs L. S. Thompson A. Svenson E. Loulee Y. Otaiba S. A. (2001). Peer-assisted learning strategies in reading: Extensions for kindergarten, first grade, and high school. Remedial and Special Education, 22(1), 15–21.

Fuchs L. S. Fuchs D. (2001). Principles for prevention and intervention of mathematics difficulties. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 16(2), 85–95.

Fuchs L. S. Fuchs D. Karns K. Phillips N. (2002). Peer-assisted learning strategies math methods for grades 2–6. Contact via email at pals@vanderbilt.edu or by phone at 615-343-4782.

Fuchs L. S. Fuchs D. Kazdan S. Mathes P. Prentice K. Saenz L. (n.d.). Peerassisted learning strategies (PALS) for high school students: Teacher Manual. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University, Peabody College.

Fulk B. M. King K. (2001). Peer assisted learning strategies at work. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 34(2), 49–53.

Gentile J. R. Monaco N. M. (1986). Learned helplessness in mathematics: What educators should know. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 5, 159–178.

Greenwood C. R. Arreaga-Mayer C. Utley C. A. Gavin K. M. Terry B. J. (2001). Class wide peer tutoring learning management system: Applications with elementary-level English language learners. Remedial and Special Education, 22(1), 34–47.

Greenwood C. R. Delquadri J. C. Carta J. J. (1997). Together we can: Classwide peer tutoring to improve basic academic skills. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.

Gresham F. M. (1991). Conceptualizing behavior disorders in terms of resistance to intervention. School Psychology Review, 20(1), 23–36.

Gresham F. M. (2004). Current status and future directions of school-based behavioral interventions. School Psychology Review, 33(3), 326–343.

Jarvis S. Seifert T. (2002). Work avoidance as a manifestation of hostility, helplessness, and boredom. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 48(2), 174–187.

King-Sears M. E. (2001). Institutionalizing peer-mediated instruction and interventions in schools: Beyond “train and hope.” Remedial and Special Education, 22(2), 89–101.

Maccini P. Gagnon J. C. (2002). Perceptions and application of NCTM standards by special and general education teachers. Exceptional Children, 68, 325–344.

Maheady L. Harper G. F. Mallette B. (2001). Peer-mediated instruction and interventions and students with mild disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 22(1), 4–14.

Mikulincer M. (1994). Human learned helplessness: A coping perspective. New York: Plenum.

Mitchem K. J. Young K. R. (2001). Adapting self-management programs for classwide use: Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness. Remedial and Special Education, 22(2), 75–88.

Montague M. Applegate B. (1993). Middle school students' mathematical problem solving: An analysis of think aloud protocols. Learning Disability Quarterly, 16, 19–30.

Murawski W. W. Swanson H. L. (2001). A meta-analysis of co-teaching research. Remedial and Special Education 22(5), 258–267.

Murray F. B. (1994). Why understanding the theoretical basis of cooperative learning enhances teaching success. In Thousand J. S. Villa R. A. Nevin A. I. (Eds.), Creativity and collaborative learning: A practical guide to empowering students and teachers (pp. 3–11). Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks.

Nevin J. A. (1988). Behavioral momentum and the partial reinforcement effect. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 44–56.

Petty R. E. Cacioppo J. T. (1996). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Sapon-Shevin M. Ayres B. J. Duncan J. (1994). Cooperative learning and inclusion. In Thousand J. S. Villa R. A. Nevin A. I. (Eds.), Creativity and collaborative learning: A practical guide to empowering students and teachers (pp. 45–58). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

Smilkstein R. (2003). We're born to learn: Using the brain's natural learning process to create today's curriculum. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

Stedman L. C. (1997). International achievement differences: An assessment of the new perspective. Educational Researcher, 26(3), 4–15.

Sutherland K. S. Wehby J. H. (2001). Exploring the relationship between increased opportunities to respond to academic requests and the academic and behavioral outcomes of students with EBD: A review. Remedial and Special Education, 22(2), 113–121.

Tournaki N. Criscitiello E. (2003). Using peer tutoring as a successful part of behavior management. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 36(2), 22–29.

Walsh J. M. Jones B. (2004). New models of cooperative teaching. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 36(5), 14–20.

Witt J. C. Daly E. J. Noell G. H. (2000). Functional assessment: A step-by-step guide to solving academic and behavioral problems. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.