Consistent,Coherent,Creative: The 3 C's of Graphic Organizers

Ausubel D. P. (1963). The psychology of meaningful verbal learning. New York: Grune & Stratton.

Bos C. S. , & Anders P. L. (1992). Using interactive teaching and learning strategies to promote text comprehension and content learning for students with learning disabilities. International Journal of Disabilities, Development, and Education, 39, 225–238.

Boyle J. R. , & Yeager N. (1997). Blueprints for learning. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 29, 26–31.

Bromley K. , Irwin-DeVitis L. , & Modlo M. (1995). Graphic organizers: Visual strategies for active learning. New York: Scholastic Professional Books.*

Egan M. (1999). Reflections on effective use of graphic organizers. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 42, 641–645.

Fisher J. B. , & Schumaker J. B. (1995). Searching for validated inclusive practices: A review of the literature. Focus on Exceptional Children,28,4 1–20.

Fountas I. C. , & Pinnell G. S. (2001). Guiding readers and writers grades 3-6: Teaching comprehension, genre, and content literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.*

Griffin C. C. , Malone L. D. , & Kameenui E. J. (1995). Effects of graphic organizer instruction on fifth-grade students. Journal of Educational Research, 89, 98–107.

Griffin C. C. , & Tulbert B. L. (1995). The effect of graphic organizers on students’ comprehension and recall of expository texts. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 11, 73–89.

Guastello E. F. , Beasley T. M. , & Sinatra R. C. (2000). Concept mapping effects on science content comprehension of low-achieving inner-city seventh graders. Remedial and Special Education, 21, 356–365.

Jitendra A. K. , Hoff K. , & Beck M. M. (1999). Teaching middle school students with learning disabilities to solve word problems using a schema-based approach. Remedial and Special Education, 20, 50–64.

McEneany J. E. (1990). Do advance organizers facilitate learning? A review of sub-sumption theory. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 23, 89–96.

Merkley D. M. , & Jefferies D. (2000). Guidelines for implementing a graphic organizer. The Reading Teacher, 54, 350–357.

Robinson D. H. (1998). Graphic organizers as aids to text learning. Reading Research and Instruction, 37, 85–105.