Street homelessness (and associated activities such as begging) has become a prominent issue in recent years. This article provides a critical commentary on this phenomenon, informed both by theoretical debates concerning social space, and the author's own fieldwork with street homeless people in Manchester (England). An analysis is provided of temporal and spatial ordering of the homelessness circuit; of survival strategies such as shadow work and sleeping rough engaged in by people living in Cardboard City; and of policing responses to street homelessness and begging.
Abu-Lughod, J. L. 1994. From Urban Village to East Village. Oxford: Blackwell.
2.
Alder, C.1991. `Victims of Violence: The Case of Homeless Youth'. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, March 24:1-14.
3.
Andersen, N. 1923. The Hobo: The Sociology of The Homeless Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4.
Bammer, A.1992. `Editorial: “The question of home” '. New Formations17:vii-xi.
5.
Bruns, R. A. 1980. Knights of the Road: A Hobo History. New York: Methuen.
6.
Cohen, B. 1980. Deviant Street Networks: Prostitution on New York City. Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
7.
Cohen, S. and Taylor L. 1972. Psychological Survival. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
8.
Davis, J., Grant, R. and Locke, A. 1994. Out of Site, Out of Mind: New Age Travellers and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Bill. London: Children's Society.
9.
Davis, M. 1990. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. New York: Verso.
10.
Douglas, A. and Gilroy, R. 1994. `Young women and homelessness', in R. Gilroy and R. Woods (eds.) Housing Women. London: Routledge.
11.
Douglas, M. 1966. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.
12.
Duncan, J. S. 1983. `Men Without Property: The Tramp's Classification and use of Urban Space', in R. W. Lake (ed.) Readings in Urban Analysis. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
13.
Gans, H. J. 1962. The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans. New York: Free Press.
14.
Giddens, A. 1990. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
15.
Golden, S. 1992. The Women Outside: Meanings and Myths of Homelessness. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16.
Harvey, D. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
17.
Hawes, D. and Perez, B. 1995. The Gypsy and the State: the Ethnic Cleansing of British Society. Bristol University: School for Advanced Urban Studies.
18.
Hendessi, M. 1992. Four in Ten: Report on Young Women Who Become Homeless as a Result of Sexual Abuse. London: CHAR.
19.
Hooks, B. 1991. Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. London: Turnaround.
20.
Hopper, K. and Hamberg, J. 1986. `The Making of America's Homeless: From Skid Row to New Poor, 1945-1984', in R. G. Bratt, C. Hartman and A. Meyerson (eds.) Critical Perspectives on Housing. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
21.
Hunter, A. 1985. `Private, Parochial and Public Social Orders: the Problem of Crime and Incivility in Urban Communities', in G. D. Suttles and M. N. Zald (eds.) The Challenge of Social Control: Citizenship and Institution Building in Modern Society - Essays in Honor of Morris Janowitz. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Company.
22.
Illich, I. 1981. Shadow Work. Boston: Marion Boyars.
23.
Kelling, G. L. 1995. Fixing `Broken Windows': Order and Individualism in American Cities. New York: Praeger.
24.
Lefebvre, H. 1991. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell.
25.
Lofland, L. 1973. A World of Strangers: Order and Action in Urban Public Space. New York: Free Press.
26.
Massey, D.1992. `A Place called Home?'New Formations17:3-15.
27.
Murray, H.1984. `Time in the Streets'. Human Organization43:154-161.
28.
Okely, J. 1983. The Traveller-Gypsies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
29.
Orwell, G. 1933. Down and Out in Paris and London. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich.
30.
Russell, B. G. 1991. Silent Sisters: a Study of Homeless Women. New York: Hemisphere.
31.
Shields, R. 1991. Places on the Margin: Alternative Geographies of Modernity. London: Routledge.
32.
Sibley, D. 1995. Geographies of Exclusion. London: Routledge.
33.
Snow, D. A. and Anderson, L. 1993. Down on Their Luck: A Study of Homeless Street People. Berkeley: University of California Press.
34.
Spradley, J. 1970. You Owe Yourself a Drunk: An Ethnography of Urban Nomads. Boston: Little, Brown.
35.
Turner, V. 1974. Dramas, Fields and Metaphors. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.
36.
Turner, V. 1979. Process, Performance and Pilgrimage. New Delhi: Concept.
37.
Van Gennep, A. 1960. The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
