Social Inequality: Dimensions,Characteristics,Solutions

Abstract

This review article synthesizes three distinct yet interconnected approaches to understanding and addressing social inequality. Drawing on Scott R Sernau’s macro-level analysis, Karen A Hegtvedt and Cathryn Johnson’s micro-sociological perspective and JoAnn Chirico’s global problem-solving framework, we explore the multifaceted dimensions and persistent characteristics of inequality. Sernau emphasizes intersectionality at structural and systemic levels, demonstrating how categories like race, class and gender intertwine to create complex forms of disadvantage. Hegtvedt and Johnson delve into the socio-psychological impact of inequality on individual interactions, identity and perceptions, highlighting micro-level mechanisms of reproduction and challenge. Chirico expands the discussion to global problems, showing how globalization deepens existing disparities while also presenting avenues for transnational cooperation and solutions, particularly through frameworks like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Collectively, these works underscore that understanding inequality requires a multi-dimensional lens, encompassing structural, individual and global dynamics. The review concludes by stressing that effective solutions necessitate both accurate understanding and concerted action across all levels of society.