Abstract
The concept of asceticism assumes a multidimensional character for Max Weber. This confers upon it a certain ambiguity. One of the facets of the concept concerns the progressive emergence of a form of “ascesis-in-the-world” in the context of oriental wisdom, particularly within Japanese Buddhism.
The removal of mystical traits from this form of Buddhism was completed during the reforms of the monk Nichiren in the 13th century and reinforced in the 20th century with the creation of the Soka Gakkai. This powerful organization has put an end to the outsider status of the laity vis-a-vis supreme salvation, which is now seen as encompassing all members of society.
Salvation is achieved through a process of “human revolution”. It is a question here of a moral transformation brought about in daily life, conceived as a matter of personal choice, which is well in keeping with modern demands for a rational approach to such matters.