Abstract
In the Italian Mezzogiorno with its overpopulation and its archaic economic structure, modern economic and social life emphases the contrasts. The A. analyses these aspects and the processus of urbanisation which occurs there. He explains the dilemma of Italy divi sed between two socio-economic systems, and which has to choose between economical and sociological still insufficient models, these which can give the bases of a harmonious and accelerated regional development.