Abstract
The author examines the way of thinking of neo-Confucian scholars in modern China. These contemporary intellectuals have inherited the ways of reasoning of the scholars of the Song-Ming dynasty who faced the challenges of Buddhism in the 12th century. Likewise, modern Chinese scholars who have been alienated from the outside Western world, face the challenges of the West. Chinese scholars' ways of encountering the West deserve special attention as a possible means of overcoming the negative effects of globalization—embodying the possibility of keeping one's cultural identity while engaging in dialogue with other cultures and learning from them.