Globalization implies multiple processes that are not uniform, as they take place in a differentiated manner in time and place. They are also of a multi-faceted and contradictory nature. The diverse and paradoxical nature of globalization processes has given rise to new identities with different levels of aggregation, such as global identities and has given renewed importance to ethnic and religious identities in the shaping and re-ordering of global, regional, national and local spaces. Paralleling these trends has been a resurgence of theoretical debate about the challenges posed by globalization, such as the identity and freedom of the individual vis-à-vis community and belonging; justice vis-à-vis membership; diversity and pluralism; collective identities and religion; and the changing scope of the private and public spheres. The author explores some of the new challenges and trends and their expression in the theoretical debate.
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