The author takes a historian's approach to the currently accepted theory that religion, especially monotheism, is responsible for renewed violence in the contemporary world (both civil wars and international conflicts) after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. While recognizing the historical presence, to a greater or a lesser degree, of the religious factor among the causes of violence, the author defends the position that religion is not the only, or even the principal cause of that collective violence. Taking examples from the Christian world, he argues that the Balkan wars of 1991-2001 were not religious wars, and that here the role of religion is at most an assertion of identity.
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