The general features of normal-mode analysis are dis cussed using both equations and bond-graph representa tions. The problem of truncating the infinite series of normal modes in order to produce a finite-order model for analog or digital simulation purposes is discussed, and the notion of appending a residual compliance and a residual inertance to account for neglected modes is ex plained. Using the bond graphs, a number of questions concerning the choice of boundary conditions and the computing causality of the system forcing are studied.
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