Abstract
A hybrid simulation of the guidance and navigation system of the Apollo spacecraft is underway at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instrumentation Laboratory. The Apollo Guidance and Navigation equipment is digital, elec tronic, and electromechanical. The guidance and naviga tion analog and digital hardware is combined in simulation with analog and digital computers so that the hardware will be subjected to dynamic conditions approaching those found in a space environment.
The instrumentation of the Apollo Guidance and Navi gation System is described as well as its adaptation to the hybrid simulation. Software models are discussed to indi cate some of the varied problems considered. Digital pro cedures which are designed to support the operator and enhance the reliability of the simulation are described.
In conclusion, it becomes apparent that the judicious use of computers, together with guidance and navigation hardware and software, makes it possible to simulate in real time any part of the Apollo mission from lift-off to splash-down.
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