Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. FindlaysonNDC. Chapter 9, p 280–281.
2.
ChoudariCPRajgopalCPalmerKR. Comparison of endoscopic injection therapy versus the heater probe in major peptic ulcer haemorrhage. Gut1992; 33: 1159–1161.
3.
HuntPSHanskyJKormanMG. Mortality in patients with haematemesis and melaena: a prospective study. Br. Med. J.1979; 1: 1238–40.
4.
SandersonJDTaylorRFPughSVicaryFR. Specialised gastrointestinal units for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Postgrad Med J1990 Aug; 66 (778): 654–6.
5.
DronfieldM.Special units for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Br Med J1987; 294: 1308–9.
6.
ClementsDAslanSFosterDStamatakisJWilkinsWEMorrisJS. Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a district general hospital: audit of an agreed management policy. J R Coll Physicians Lond1991 Jan;25 (1): 27–30.
7.
SilversteinFEGilbertDATedescoFJ. The National ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding II. Clinical prognostic factors. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy1981; 27: 80–93.
8.
BranchiFJColemanSYFokPJ. Bleeding peptic ulcer: a prospective evaluation of risk factors for rebleeding and mortality. 1990; 14: 262–270.
9.
MarshallMBirdT.Blood loss and replacement. Edward Arnold, London, 1993.
10.
BornmanPCTheodorouNAShuttleworthRD. Importance of hypovolaemic shock and endoscopic signs in predicting recurrent haemorrhage from peptic ulceration: A prospective evaluation. Br Med J1985; 291–245.
11.
GilbertDASilversteinFETedescoFJ. The NationaL ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding III. Endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy1981; 27: 94–102.
12.
CarstensenHEBulowSHansenO. Cimetidine for severe gastroduodenal haemorrhage: a randomised controlled trial. Scan J Gastroenterol1980; 15: 103–5
13.
LauritsenKLaursenLSHavelundTBytzerPRask-MadsenJ.Controlled trial of arbaprostil in bleeding peptic ulcer. Br Med J1985; 291: 1093.
14.
TulassayZGuptaRPappJBodnarA.Somatostatin versus Cimetidine in the treatment of actively bleeding duodenal ulcer: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol.1989; 84: 6–9.
15.
SomervilleKEHenryDADaviesJG,. Somatostatin in treatment of haematemesis and melaena. Lancet1985; i: 130–2.
16.
ZuckermanGWelchRDouglasA,. Controlled trial of medical therapy for active upper gastrointestinal bleeding and prevention of rebleeding. Am J Med1984; 76: 361–6.
17.
MagnussenIIhreTJohanssonC,. Randomised double blind trial of somatostatin in the treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Gut1985; 26: 221–6.
18.
TorresAJLandaIHernandezF,. Somatostatin in the treatment of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicentre controlled trial. Br J Surg1986; 73: 786–9.
19.
KennyBDYoaDCChambersTC. Updated meta-analyses on histamine (H2)-blockers in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. Gastroenterology Internat1990; 3: 22–26.
20.
HenryDAO'ConnellDL. Effects of fibrinolytic inhibitors on mortality from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br Med J1989; 298: 38–43.
21.
LarsonAWCohenHZweibanB,. Acute oesophageal variceal sclerotherapy: results of a prospective controlled randomised trial. JAMA1986; 255: 497–500.
22.
PaquetKJFeussnerH.Endoscopic sclerosis and esophageal balloon tamponade in acute haemorrhage from esophageal varices: a prospective controlled randomized trial. Hepatology1985; 5: 580–3
23.
WestabyDHayesPCGlimsonAES,. Controlled clinical trial of injection sclerotherapy for active variceal bleeding. Hepatology1989; 9: 274–7.
24.
StiegmannGGoffJSMichaletz-OnodyPA,. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices. N Eng J Med1992; 326: 1527–32.
25.
BurroughsAKMcCormickPADughesMD,. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of somatostatin for variceal bleeding: emergency control and prevention of variceal rebleeding. Gastroenterology1990; 99: 1388–95.
26.
CookDJGuyattGHSalenaBJLaineLA. Endoscopic therapy for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a metaanalysis. Gastroenterology1992; 102 (1): 139–148.
27.
SacksHSChalmersTCBlumALBerrierJPaganoD.Endoscopic haemostasis: an effective therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers. JAMA1990; 264: 494–9.