Legionnaires' Disease

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Grist NR Reid D Najera R. Legionnaires' disease and the traveller. Ann Intern Med 1979, 90: 563–564.

McDade JE Shepard CC Fraser DW Legionnaires' disease, isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease. New Engl J Med 1977, 297: 1197–1203.

Reid D. Benidorm episode and Legionnaires' disease. Scot med J 1978; 23: 118–119.

Fraser DW Tsai TR Orenstein W Legionnaires' disease. Description of an epidemic of pneumonia. New Engl J Med 1977, 297: 1189–1197.

Politi BD Fraser DW Mallison GF A major focus of Legionnaires' disease in Bloomington, Indiana. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90: 587–591.

Cordes LG Fraser DW Skaliy P Legionnaires disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club: Evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser. Am J Epidemiol 1980, 111: 425–431.

Glick TH Gregg MB Berman B Mallison G Rhodes WW Kassanoff I. Pontiac Fever. An epidemic of unknown etiology in a health department: 1. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects. Am J Epidemiology 1978, 107: 149–160.

Cordes LG Wilkinson HW Gorman GW Fikes BJ Fraser DW . Atypical Legionella-like organisms: Fastidious water-associated bacteria pathogenic for man. Lancet 1979, ii: 927–930.

Brenner DJ Steigerwalt AG Epple P Legionella pneumophila serogroup Lansing 3 isolated froln a paitent with fatal pneumonia, and descriptions of L.pneumophila subsp. pneumophila subsp. nov., L.pneumophila subsp. fraseri subsp. nov., and L.pneumophila subsp. paseullei subsp. Nov. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 1695–1703.

Fallon RJ . Legionella. In Parker MT Duerden BI , (eds), Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunity. London, Edward Arnold, 1990. Volume 2; Systematic Bacteriology: 275–287.

Fang GD Yu VL Vickers RM . Disease due to the Legionellaceae (other than Legionella pneumophila). Historical, microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological review. Medicine 1989, 68: 116–132.

Edelstein PH . Laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by legionellae. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1987; 6: 4–10.

Harrison TG Taylor AG . A Laboratory Manual for Legionella. Chichester, John Wiley and Sons, 1988.

Tobin JO'H Dunhill MS French M Legionnaires' disease in a transplant unit: Isolation of the causative agent from shower baths. Lancet 1980; 2: 118–121.

Tobin JO'H Bartlett CLR Waitkins SA Legionnaires' disease: Further evidence to implicate water storage and distribution systems as sources. Br Med J 1981; 282: 573.

Fensterheib MD Miller M Diggens C Outbreak of Pontiac fever due to Legionella anisa. Lancet 1990; 2: 35–37.

Mahoney FJ Hoge CW Farley TA Community-wide outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a grocery store mist machine. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 736–73g.

Rowbotham TJ . Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae. J Clin Pathol 1980, 33: 117g–1183.

Kilvington S Price J. Survival of Legionella pneumophila in cysts of Acanthamoeba polyphaga following chlorine exposure. J Appl Bacteriol 1990, 68: 519–525.

Rowbotham TJ . Legionella-like amoebal pathogens. Barbaree JM Breiman RF Dufour AP , (Eds), Legionella: current status and emerging perspectives. Washington D C, American Society for Microbiology, 1993, 137–140.

Shands KN Ho JL Meyer RD Potable water as a source of Legionnaires' disease. JAMA 1985; 253: 1412–1416.

Boyd JF Buchanan WM MacLeod TIF Dunn Shaw RI Weir WP . Pathology of five Scottish deaths from pneumonic illnesses acquired in Spain due to Legionnaires' disease agent. J Clin Pathol 1978; 31: 809–816.

Winn WW . Legionnaires' disease: Historical perspective. Clin Microbiol Revs 1988; 1: 60–81.

Williams A Baskerville A Dowsett AB Conlan JW . Immunocytochernical demonstration of the association between Legionella pneumophila, its tissue-destructive protease, and pulmonary lesions in experimental legionnaires' disease. J Pathol 1987: 153: 257–264.

Steele T Lanser J Sangster N. Isolation of Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 from potting mixes. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 56: 49–53.

Joseph CA Harrison TG Watson JM . Legionnaires' disease surveillance: England and Wales, 1992. Communicable Uisease Report 1993; 3: R124–R126.

Legionella Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium. Thornsberry C Balows A Feeley JC Jakubowski W , (Eds). Washington D.C. American Society for Microbiology 1984.

Health and Safey Commission. Approved Code of Practice: The prevention or control of legionellosis (including legionnaires' disease. London, HMSO, 1991.

Health and Safety Executive. The control of legionellosis including legionaires' disease. Health and Safety Series booklet HS(G)70. London, HMSO, 1991.

Birtles RJ Harrison TG Samuel D Taylor AG . Evaluation of urinary antigen ELISA for diagnosing Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection. 3 Clin Pathol 1990; 43: 685–690.

Tang P Krishnan C. Legionella antigenuria: Six — Year study of broad-spectrum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a routine diagnostic test. Barbaree JM Breiman RF Dufour AP , (Eds), Legionella: current status and emerging perspectives. Washington D.C. American Society for Microbiology 1993; 12–13.

Fallon RJ Abraham WH . Polyvalent heat-killed antigen for the diagnosis of infection with Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Pathol 1982: 35: 434–438.

Boswell TCJ Kudesia G. Serological cross-reaction between Legionella pneumophila and campylobacter in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Epidemiol Infect 1992; 1009: 291–295.

Jaulhac B Nowicki M Bornstein N Detection of Legionella spp. In broncho-alveolar lavage fluids by DNA amplification. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 920–924.

Lindsay DSJ Abraham WH Fallon RJ . Detection of mip gene by PCR for diagnosis of Legionnaire's Disease. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: in press.

Colville A Crowley J Dearden D Slack RCB Lee JV . Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease at University Hospital, Nottingham. Epidemiology, microbiology and control. Epidemiol. Infect 1993; 110: 105–116.