Central Venous Catheters

Welch GW McKeel DW Silverstein P Walker HL , Role of catheter composition in the development of thrombophlebitis. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 1974. 138: 421–424.

Bozzetti F Scarpa D Terno G Subclavian venous thrombosis due to indwelling catheter: In a prospective study of 52 patients. J. Parent. Ent. Nut., 1983. 7: 560–562.

Linder LE Curelaru I Gustavsson B Hansson HA Stenqvist O Wojciechowqski J. Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterisation: A comparison between soft antebrachial catheters of silicone elastomer and polyurethane. J. Parent. Ent. Nut., 1984. 8: 399–406.

Broviac JW Scribner BH . A silicone rubber atrial catheter for prolonged parenteral alimentation. Surg. Gynaecol. Obstet., 1973. 136: 602–605.

Hickman RO Buckner CD Clift RA Sanders JE Stewart P Thomas ED . A modified right atrial catheter for access to the venous system in marrow transplant recipients. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 1979. 148: 871–875.

Gyves J Ensminger W Niederhuber J. A totally implanted system for intravenous chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Am. J. Med., 1982. 72: 841–845.

Peters JL Belsham PA Taylor BA Watt-Smith S. Long-term venous access. Brit. J. Hosp. Med., 1984. 32: 230–242.

Wood SR Kendall GPN Rodrigues CA . Placement of a tunnelled catheter with a fixed hub using a split introducer. Brit. J. Parent. Ther., 1985. 6: 96–99.

Lammermeier D Steiger E Cosgrove D Zelch M. Use of an intercostal vein for central venous access in home parenteral nutrition: A case report. J. Parent. Nutr., 1986. 10: 659–661.

Linares J Sitges-Serra A Garau J Percz JL Martin R. Pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: A prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1985. 21: 357–360.

Pennington CR . Parenteral nutrition in therapeutic nutrition: A practical guide. Chapman & Hall. London. 1988.

Faubion WC Wesley JR Khalidi N Silva J. Total parenteral nutrition catheter sepsis: Impact of a team approach. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr., 1986. 10: 642–645.

Bozetti F Terno G Camerini E Baticci F Scarpa D Pupa A. Pathogenesis and predictability of central venous catheter sepsis. Surgery, 1982. 91: 383–389.

Bozetti F Terno G Bonfanti G. Blood cultures as a guide for the diagnosis of central venous catheter sepsis. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr., 1984. 8: 396–398.

Pettigrew RA Long SDR Haydock BA Parry BR Bremner DA Hill GL . Catheter related sepsis in patients on intravenous nutrition: A prospective study of quantitative catheter cultures and guidewire changes for suspected sepsis. Brit. J. Surg., 1985. 72: 52–55.

Glynn MFX Langer B Jeejeebhoy KN . Therapy for thrombotic occlusion of long-term intravenous alimentation catheters. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr., 1980. 4: 387–390.

Segura BM Alia AC Torres RJM Gil EJ Sitges-Sera A. In vitro bacteriological study of a new hub model for intravascular catheters and infusion equipment. Clin. Nutr., 1987. 6 Special Suppl. 104. P. 99 (Abst.).

Ladefoged K Efsen F Christofferson JK Jarnum S. Long-term parenteral nutrition II. Catheter related complications. Scand. J. Gastroent., 1981. 16: 913–919.

Fleming CR Barham SS Ellefson RD Beart RW . Analytical assessment of Broviac catheter occlusion. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr., 1985. 9: 314–316.

Messing B Beliah M Girard-Paiau F Leleve D Bernier JJ . Technical hazards of using nutritive mixes in bags for cyclical intravenous nutrition: Comparison with standard intravenous nutrition in 48 gastroenterological patients. Gut., 1982. 23: 297–303.

Main J Pennington CR . Catheter blockage with lipid during long-term parenteral nutrition. Brit. Med. J. 289: 743.

Pennington CR Pithie AD . Ethanol lock in the management of catheter occlusion. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr. 1987 (in press).

Hoshal VL Ause RG Hoskins PA Arber A. Fibrin sleeve formation on indwelling subclavian central venous catheters. Arch. Surg., 1971. 102: 353–358.

Brismar B Hardstedt C Jacobson S Kager L Malmborg AS . Reduction of catheter associated thrombosis in parenteral nutrition by intravenous heparin therapy. Arch. Surg., 1982. 117: 1196–1199.

Vanherweghem JL Yassine T Goldman M. Subclavian vein thrombosis: A frequent complication of subclavian vein cannulation for haemodialysis. Clin. Nephrol., 1986. 26: 235–238.

McIntyre PB Laidlaw JM Wood SR Lennard-Jones JE . Thromboembolic complications and central venous catheters. Lancet, 1982. 2: 936.

Pithie AD Pennington CR . The incidence, aetiology and management of central vein thrombosis during parenteral nutrition. Clin. Nutr., 1987. 6: 151–153.

Pithie AD Soutar JS Pennington CR . Catheter tip position in central venous thrombosis. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr. (In Press).

Elfing G Saikku K. Effect of pH on the incidence of infusion thrombophlebitis. Lancet 1966. 953.

Forbes CD Courtney JM . Thrombosis and artificial surfaces in haemostasis and thrombosis, Ed Bloom AL Thomas D . (1987). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

Mendoza GJB Soto A Brown EG Dolgin SE Steinfield L Sweet AY . Intracardiac thrombi complicating central total parenteral nutrition: Resolution without surgery or thrombolysis. J. Padiat., 1986. 108: 610–613.

Chamsi-Pasha H Irving MH . Right atrial thrombus; A complication of total parenteral nutrition in an adult. Brit. Med. J. 1987. 295–308.

Suddleston EA . Cardiac tamponade: A complication of central venous hyperalimentation. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr., 1986. 10: 528–529.