Aetiology of Gout

Aakesson I. Alvsaker J. O. (1971). The urate-binding α1–2 globulin. Isolation and characterization of the protein from human plasma. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1, 281.

Alepa F. P. Howell R. R. Klinenberg J. R. Seegmiller J. E. (1967). A relationship between glycogen storage disease and tophaceous gout. American Journal of Medicine, 42, 58.

Alvsaker J. O. (1965). Uric acid in plasma IV. Investigations on the interactions between urate and the macromolecular fraction in plasma from healthy individuals and patients with diseases associated with hyperuricemia. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 17, 476.

Alvsaker J. O. (1966). Uric acid in Plasma V. Isolation and identification of plasma proteins interacting with urate. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 18, 227.

Alvsaker J. O. (1968). Genetic studies in primary gout. Investigation on the plasma levels of the urate-binding α1- α2 globulin in individuals from two gouty kindreds. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 47, 1254.

Alvsaker J. O. Seegmiller J. E. (1972). Plasma concentrations of the urate-binding alpha 1–2 globulin in patients with different types of primary gout as compared to controls. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2, 66.

Arnold W. J. Kelley W. N. (1973). Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase: Purification and properties. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 3.

Arnold W. J. Kelley W. N. (1973). Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: Effect of dietary purines on enzyme activity. International Symposium on Purine Metabolism in Man. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 3.

Bakay B. Nyhan W. L. (1972). Activation of varients of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase by the normal enzyme. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 69, 2523.

Bashkin P. Sperling O. Schmidt R. Szeinberg A. (1973). Erythrocyte adenina phosphoribosyltransferase in the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 4.

Beardmore T. D. Meade J. C. Kelley W. N. (1973). Increased activity of two enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in erythrocytes from patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 81, 43.

Becker M. A. Meyer L. J. Seegmiller J. E. (1973) Purine overproduction and gout due to increased phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase activity. Isreal Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 4.

Bluestone R. Kippen I. Klinenberg J. R. (1969). Effect of drugs on urate binding to plasma proteins. British Medical Journal, 4, 590.

Bluestone R. Kippen I. Klinenberg J. R. Whitehouse M. W. (1970). Effect of some uricosuric and anti-inflammatory drugs on the binding of uric acid to human serum albumin in vitro. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 76, 85.

Boer P. Sperling O. de Vries A. (1973). Electrophoretic separation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 5.

Boyle J. A. Greig W. R. Duncan A. Boyle I. T. Buchanan W. W. (1966). Serum uric acid values in various states of thyroid function. Acta Rheumatologica Scandinavia, 12, 204.

Boyle J. A. Raivio K. O. Astrin K. H. Schulman J. D. Graf M. L. Seegmiller J. E. Jacobsen C. B. (1970). Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Preventive control by prenatal diagnosis. Science, 169, 688.

Boyle J. A. Raivio K. A. Decker M. A. Seegmiller J. E. (1972). Effects of nicotinic acid on human fibroblast purine biosynthesis. Biochimica biophysica Acta, 269, 179.

Boyle J. A. Seegmiller J. E. (1971). Processing of small samples of human material for enzyme assay. In Methods of Enzymology 22, Eds. Colowick S. Kaplan N. O.

Buchanan D. L. Rollins J. M. (1961). Lack of correlation between gout and the incorporation of isotopic formate into uric acid. Yale Journal of Biology, 34, 31.

Caskey C. T. Ashton D. M. Wyngaarden J. B. (1964). The Enzymology of feedback inhibition of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amido-transferase by purine ribonucleotides. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 239, 2570.

Delbarre F. Auscher C. Amor B. de Gery A. (1973). Gout with APRT deficiency. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 9.

Eisen A. Z. Seegmiller J. E. (1961). Uric acid metabolism in psoriasis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 40, 1486.

Emmerson B. T. (1968). The clinical differentiation of lead gout from primary gout. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 11, 623.

Emmerson B. T. (1973). The effect of weight reduction on urate production. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 13.

Emmerson B. T. Gordon R. B. Thompson L. (1973). Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a female with gout. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 11.

Felix J. A. Demars R. (1969). Purine requirement of cells cultured from humans affected with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 62, 536.

Fox I. H. Kelley W. N. (1971). Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in Man: Biochemical and Clinical Significance. Annals of Internal Medicine, 74, 424.

Fox I. H. Kelley W. N. (1973). Observations of altered intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in human disease. International Symposium on Purine Metabolism in Man. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9.

Fox I. H. Kelley W. N. (1972). Human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase: Kinetic mechanism and end product inhibition. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 247, 2126.

Fox I. H. Kelley W. N. (1973). Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: Report of a second family. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 14.

Fox I. H. Kelley W. N. (1973). Studies of the mechanism of fructose-induced hyperuricemia in man. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 14.

Frank O. (1973). Observations concerning the incidence of disturbance of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in gout. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 16.

Gardner F. H. Nathan D. G. (1961). Secondary gout. Medical Clinics of North America, 45, 1273.

Garrod A. B. (1859). The Nature and Treatment of Gout and Rheumatic Gout. London: Walton and Maberly.

Garrod A. B. (1876). A Treatise on Gout and Rheumatic Gout. 3rd Edition, p.217. London: Longmans, Green.

Gibson T. J. Grahame R. (1973). Hypertriglyceridemia and gout. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 16.

Gutman A. B. Yu T. F. (1973). Reduced renal ammoniagenesis in primary gout. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 18.

Gutman A. B. Yu F. T. (1973). Hyperglutamatemia in primary gout. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 19.

Handler J. S. (1960). The role of lactic acid in the reduced excretion of uric acid in toxaemia of pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 39, 1526.

Hauge M. Harvald B. (1955). Heredity in gout and hyperuricaemia. Acta Medica Scandinavia, 152, 247.

Henderson J. F. (1962). Feedback inhibition of purine biosynthesis in ascites tumour cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 237, 2631.

Hershko A. Razin A. Mager J. (1969). Regulation of the synthesis of 5-phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate in intact red blood cells and in cell-free preparations. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 41, 1805.

Hickling R. A. (1958). Leukaemia and related conditions and blood uric acid. Lancet, 1, 175.

Hoefnagel D. (1965). The syndrome of athetoid cerebral palsy, mental deficiency, self-mutilation and hyperuricemia. Journal of Mental Deficiency, 9, 69.

Holmes E. W. Jr. McDonald J. A. McCord J. M. Wyngaarden J. B. Kelley W. N. (1973). Human glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amido-transferase. Kinetic and Regulatory Properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 248, 144.

Holmes E. W. Wyngaarden J. B. Jr. Kelley W. N. (1973). Molecular basis for the regulation of purine biosynthesis de novo in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 52, 40a.

Holland J. F. Sharp W. Mamrod L. M. Dowd E. Hartsock M. (1959). Urate excretion in patients with acute leukaemia. Journal National Cancer Institute, 23, 1097.

Kaufman J. M. Greene M. L. Seegmiller J. E. (1968). Urine uric and creatine ratio—a screening test for inherited disorders of purine metabolism. The Journal of Pediatrics, 73, 583.

Kelley W. N. Rosenbloom F. M. Seegmiller J. E. (1967). The effects of azathioprine (Imuran) on purine synthesis in clinical disorders of purine metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 46, 1518.

Kelley W. N. Greene M. L. Rosenbloom F. M. Henderson J. F. Seegmiller J. E. (1969). Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in gout. Annals of Internal Medicine, 70, 155.

Kelley W. N. Wyngaarden J. B. (1970). Effects of allopurinol and oxipurinol on purine synthesis in cultured human cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 49, 602.

Kellgren J. H. (1964). Heberden Oration 1963. The epidemiology of rheumatic diseases. Annals of Rheumatic Disease, 23, 109.

Klinenberg J. R. Kippen I. (1970). The binding of urate to plasma proteins determined by means of equilibrium dialysis. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 75, 503.

Klinenberg J. R. Bluestone R. Scholsstein L. Waissman J. Whitehouse M. W. (1973). Urate deposition disease. How it is regulated and how it can be modified. Annals of Internal Medicine, 78, 99.

Kornberg A. Lieberman I. Simms E. S. (1955). Enzymatic synthesis of purine nucleotides. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 215, 417.

Krakoff I. H. Balis M. E. Magill J. W. Nary D. (1961). Studies of purine metabolism in neoplastic diseases. Medical Clinic of North America, 45, 521.

Krakoff I. H. Balis M. E. (1964). Abnormalities of purine metabolism in human leukaemia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 113, 1043.

Kritzler R. A. (1958). America complicating treatment of leukemia. American Journal of Medicine, 25, 532.

Laster T. MuUer A. F. (1953). Uric acid production in case of myeloid metaplasia associated with gouty arthritis studied with N¹⁵ labelled glycine. American Journal of Medicine, 15, 857.

Lawrence J. H. Berlin N. I. Hufy R. C. (1953). Nature and treatment of polycythaemia. Medicine, 32, 323.

Le Cocq F. R. McPaul J. J. Jr. (1965). The effects of starvation high fat diets and ketone infusions on uric acid balance. Metabolism, 14, 186.

Leeper R. D. Benua R. S. Brener J. L. Rawson R. W. (1960). Hyperuricemia in myxoedema. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 20, 1457.

Lennox W. G. (1925). Retention of uric acid during fasting. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 66, 521.

Lesch M. Nyhan W. L. (1964). A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function. American Journal of Medicine, 36, 561.

Lewis J. G. (1961). Gout and the haemoglobin level in patients with cardiac and respiratory disease. British Medical Journal, 1, 24.

McDonald J. A. Kelley W. N. (1971). Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Altered kinetic properties of mutant enzyme. Science, 171, 689.

Mertz E. T. Fuller R. W. Concon J. M. (1963). Serum uric acid in young mongoloids. Science, 141, 3580.

Mintz D. H. Canary J. J. Carreon G. Kyle L. H. (1961). Hyperuricemia in hyperparathyroidism. New England Journal of Medicine, 265, 112.

Nuki G. Lever J. Seegmiller J. E. (1973). Biochemical characteristics of azaquamine resistant human lymphoblast nutants selected in vitro. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 34.

Nyhan W. L. Bakay B. Connor J. D. (1970). Hemizygous expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenose in erythrocytes of heterozygotes for the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of United States of America, 65, 214.

O'Brien W. M. Burch T. A. Bunim J. J. (1966). Genetics of hyperuricaemia in Blackfeet and Pima Indians. Annals of Rheumatic Disease, 25, 117.

Ogryzlo M. A. (1965). Hyperuricemia induced by high fat diets and starvation. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 8, 799.

Pehlke D. M. McDonald J. A. Holmes E. W. Kelley W. N. (1972). Inosinic acid dehydrogenase activity in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 51, 1398.

Popert A. J. Hewitt J. V. (1962). Gout and hyperuricaemia in rural and urban populations. Annals of Rheumatic Disease, 21, 154.

Postlethwaite A. E. Gutman R. A. Kelley W. N. (1973). Salicylate mediated increase in uric acid removal during hemodialysis: Evidence for urate binding. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 31.

Rosenbloom F. M. Kelley W. N. Henderson J. F. Seegmiller J. E. (1967). Lyon hypothesis and X-linked disease. The Lancet, 3, 305.

Reem G. H. (1973). Regulation of de novo purine synthesis in the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 32.

Sandberg A. A. Cartwright G. E. Wintrobe M. M. (1956). Studies on leukemia I Uric acid excretion. Blood, 11, 154.

Seegmiller E. J. Laster L. Liddle L. (1958). Failure to detect consistent overincorporation of glycine-1-C¹⁴ into uric acid in primary gout. Metabolism, 7, 376.

Seegmiller J. E. Grayzel A. I. Howell R. R. Liddle L. (1961). Uric acid production in gout. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 40, 1304.

Seegmiller J. E. Rosenbloom F. M. Kelley W. N. (1967). Enzyme defect associated with a sex-linked human neuro ogical disorder and excessive purine synthesis. Science, 155, 1682.

Seegmiller J. E. Klinenberg J. R. Watts R. W. E. (1968). Suppression of glycine-¹⁵N incorporation into urinary uric acid by adenine-8-¹³C in normal and gouty subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 47, 1193.

Sheikh M. I. Moller J. V. (1968). Binding of urate to proteins of human and rabbit plasma. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 158, 456.

Silvers D. IS' Cox R. P. Balis M. E. Dancis J. (1972). Detection of the heterozygote in Lesch-Nyhan disease by hair-root analysis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 286, 390.

Smyth C. J. Cotternan C. W. Freyberg R. H. (1948). Genetics of gout and hyperuricemia: Analysis of 19 families. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 27, 749.

Sommerville J. (1961). Gout in cyanotic congenital heart disease. British Heart Journal, 23, 31.

Sorensen L. B. (1965). Roles of the intestinal tract in the elimination of uric acid. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 8, 694.

Sperling O. Boer P. Persky-Brosh S. Kanarek E. De Vries A. (1972). Altered kinetic property of erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase in excessive purine production. Revue Europeanne d'Etudes Clinique et Biologique, 17, 703.

Sperling O. Boer P. de Vries A. (1973). Properties of erythrocyte purine phosphoribosyltransferase in gout due to partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 37.

Sperling O. Perksy-Brosh S. Boer P. de Vries A. (1973). A new genotypic abnormality in gout: Erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase mutationally altered in regulatory properties. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 36.

Sperling O. Wyngaarden J. B. Starmer C. F. (1973). The kinetics of intramolecular distribution of ¹⁵N in uric acid following administration of ¹⁵N-glycine: a reinterpretation of the basis for the hypothesis of an abnormality of glutamine metabolism in primary gout. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 36.

Stecher R. M. Hersch A. H. Soloman W. M. (1949). The heredity of gout and its relationship to familial hyperuricemia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 31, 595.

Switzer R. L. (1969). Regulation and mechanism of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase. I. Purification and properties of the enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244, 2854.

Talbott J. H. (1940). Serum urate in relatives of gouty patients. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 19, 645.

Talbott J. H. (1959). Gout and blood dyscrasias. Medicine, 39, 405.

Ultmann J. E. (1962). Hyperuricemia in disseminated neoplastic disease other than lymphomas and leukemias. Cancer, 15, 122.

Wong P. C. L. Murray A. W. (1969). 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochemsitry, 8, 1608.

Wyngaarden J. B. Ashton D. M. (1959). The Regulation of activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase by purine ribonucleotides; a potential feedback control of purine biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234, 1492.

Yu T. F. Wasserman L. R. Benedict J. D. Bien E. J. Gutman A. B. De Stetten W. Hemes Jr. (1953). Simultaneous study of glycine-N¹⁵ incorporation into uric acid and of Fe⁵⁹ utilisation in a case of gout associated with polycythemia secondary to congenital heart disease. American Journal of Medicine, 15, 845.