Cerebral Vascular Accidents in Patients over the Age of 60: I. General Considerations

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aring

L. D.

(1945). Vascular diseases of the nervous system. Brain, 68, 28.

Baker

A. B.

(1937). Structure of the small cerebral arteries and their change with age. Amer. J. Path., 13, 453.

Beevor

C. E.

(1909). On the distribution of the different arteries supplying the human brain. Phil. Tr., London S.B., 200, 1.

Boukaert

J. J.

Heymans

(1933). Carotid sinus. Reflexes. Influence of central blood pressure and blood supply on respiratory and vasomotor centres. J. Physiol., 79, 49.

Boukaert

J. J.

Heymans

(1935). On the reflex regulation of the cerebral blood flow and the cerebral vasomotor tone. J. Physiol., 84, 367.

Campbell

A. C. P.

(1938). The vascular architecture of the cat's brain. A. Research nerv. ment. Dis. Proc., 18, 69.

Chase

W. H.

(1938). Cerebral thrombosis, haemorrhage and embolism: Pathological principles. A. Research nerv. ment. Dis. Proc. 18, 365.

Clarke

(1929). Innervation of the blood vessels of the medulla and spinal cord. J. comp. Neurol., 48, 247.

Cohnheim

(1872). Untersuchungen über die embolischen Processe. Berlin. Hirschwald.

10.

Cohnheim

(1889). The pathology of the circulation. The New Sydenham Society, 126, 17.

11.

Davidson

Brill

N. Q.

(1939). Essential hypertension and chronic hypertensive encephalopathy. Ann. intern. Med., 12, 1,766.

12.

Deelman

H. T.

(1933). Etude expérimentale de l'hémorragie cérébrale. Ann. d'anat. Path., 10, 977.

13.

Evans

J. P.

McEachern

(1938). The circulatory changes in cerebral vascular occlusion and in cerebral cicatrization. A. Research nerv. ment. Dis. Proc., 18, 379.

14.

Evans

J. P.

Scheinker

I. M.

(1944). Histologic studies of brain following head trauma; late changes; atrophic sclerosis of white matter. J. Neurosurg., 1, 306.

15.

Florey

H. W.

(1925). Microscopical observations on the circulation of the blood in the cerebral cortex. Brain, 48, 43.

16.

Forbes

H. S.

(1928). Cerebral circulation; observation and measurement of pial vessels. Arch. Neurol. Phychiat., 19, 751.

17.

Forbes

H. S.

Wolff

H. G.

(1928). Cerebral circulation : Vasomotor control of cerebral vessels. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 19, 1,057.

18.

Forbes

H. S.

Cobb

S. S.

(1938). Vasomotor control of cerebral vessels. Brain, 61, 221.

19.

Gibbs

F. A.

Maxwell

Gibbs

E. L.

(1947). Volume flow of blood through human brain. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 57, 137.

20.

Gilbert

N. C.

De Takats

(1948). Emergency treatment of apoplexy. J. Amer. med. Ass., 136, 659.

21.

Gomez

Pike

F. A.

(1909). The histological changes in nerve cells due to total temporary anaemia of the central nervous system. J. exp. Med., 11, 257.

22.

Harmel

M. H.

Hafkenschiel

J. H.

Austin

J. H.

Crumpton

C. W.

Kety

S. S.

(1949). The effect of bilateral stellate ganglion block on the cerebral circulation in normotensive and hypertensive patients. J. clin. Invest., 28, 415.

23.

Kellie

(1824). An account of the appearances observed in the dissection of two of three individuals presumed to have perished in the storm of the 3rd, and whose bodies were discovered in the vicinity of Leith on the morning of 4th November, 1821; with some reflections on the pathology of the brain. Trans. Med.-Chir. Soc Edinb. Vol. I, 84.

24.

Kety

S. S.

Hafkenschiel

J. H.

Leopold

I. H.

Shenkin

H. A.

(1948). The blood flow, vascular resistance, and oxygen consumption of the brain in essential hypertension. J. clin. Invest., 27, 511.

25.

Kety

S. S.

Schmidt

C. F.

(1946). The effects of active and passive hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and blood pressure of normal young men. J. clin. Invest., 25, 107.

26.

Kety

S. S.

Schmidt

C. F.

(1948). The effects of altered arterial tensions of carbon dioxide and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men. J. clin. Invest., 27, 484.

27.

Kety

S. S.

Shenkin

H. A.

Schmidt

C. F.

(1948). The effects of increased intracranial pressure on cerebral circulatory functions in man. J. clin. Invest., 27, 493.

28.

Knisely

M. H.

Block

E. H.

Eliot

T. S.

(1947). Sludged blood. Science, 106, 431.

29.

Landis

E. M.

Jonas

Angevine

Erb

(1932). The passage of fluid and protein through the human capillary wall during venous congestion. J. clin. Invest., 11, 717.

30.

Lange

Boyd

L. J.

(1945). Functional pathology of experimental frostbite and prevention of subsequent gangrene. Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 80, 346.

31.

Loman

Myerson

(1947). Circulation of brain and face: Determinations of oxygen and sugar in arterial and in internal and external jugular venous blood. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 57, 94.

32.

McAlpine

(1933). The hypertensive cerebral attack. Quart. J. Med., 2, 463.

33.

Merrit

H. H.

Aring

C. D.

(1938). The differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular lesions. A. Research nerv. ment. Dis. Proc., 18, 682.

34.

Munro

(1783). Observations on the structure and functions of the system. Edinburgh.

35.

Peabody

G. L.

(1891). Relations between arterial disease and visceral changes. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phys., 6, 154.

36.

Penfield

(1932). Intracerebral vascular nerves. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 27, 30.

37.

Pfeifer

R. A.

(1928). Die Angioarchitektonick der Grosshirnrinde. Berlin. Julius Springer.

38.

Pickering

G. W.

(1948). Transient cerebral paralysis in hypertension and in cerebral embolism. J. Amer. med. Ass., 137, 423.

39.

Pickering

G. W.

(1934). The cerebrospinal fluid pressure in arterial hypertension. Clin. Sci., 1, 397.

40.

Pool

L. J.

Forbes

H. S.

Nason

G. I.

(1934) Cerebral circulation: Effect of stimulation of sympathetic nerve on pial vessels in isolated head. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 32, 915.

41.

Ricker

(1919). Die Entstehung der pathologisch-anatomischen Befunde nach Hirnerschötterung in Abhängigkeit vom Gefäss-nervensystem des Hirnes. Virchows Arch., 226, 180.

42.

Rosenberg

E. F.

(1940). The brain in malignant hypertension. Arch. intern. Med., 65, 545.

43.

Scheinberg

(1950). Cerebral blood flow in vascular disease of the brain. Amer. J. Med., 8, 139.

44.

Scheinker

I. M.

(1948). Alterations of the cerebral capillaries in the early stage of arterial hypertension. Amer. J. Path., 24, 211.

45.

Scheinker

I. M.

(1947). Lesions of white matter of central nervous system. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol., 6, 227.

46.

Schmidt

C. F.

(1950). The cerebral circulation in health and disease. Springfield, Illinoid. Charles C. Thomas.

47.

Schmidt

C. E.

Hendrix

J. P.

(1938). The action of chemical substances on cerebral blood vessels. A. Research nerv. ment. Dis. Proc., 18, 229.

48.

Shenkin

H. A.

Scheuerman

W. G.

Spitz

E. B.

Groff

R. A.

(1949). Effect of change of position upon cerebral circulation of man. J. appl. Physiol., 2, 317.

49.

Sunderland

(1938). The production of cortical lesions by devasularization of cortical areas. J. Anat., 73, 120.

50.

Traube

(1871). Gesammelte Beiträge zur Pathologie und Physiologie. Berlin. A. Hirschwald, 2, 551.

51.

Villaret

Cachera

(1939). Les embolies cérébrales. Paris. Masson et Cie.

52.

Volhard

Fahr

K. T.

(1914). Die Brightsche Nierenkrankheit, Klinic Pathologie und Atlas. Berlin. Julius Springer.

53.

Weed

L. H.

(1938). Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. J. Anat., 72, 181.

54.

Wiggers

C. J.

(1939). Libro de oro dedicado al Dr. Mariano R. Castex, 3, 1,486. (Buenos Aires. A. Buffarini).

55.

Weiss

(1938). The regulation and disturbance of the cerebral circulation through extracerebral mechanisms. A. Research nerv. ment. Dis. Proc., 18, 571.

56.

Westphal

Baer

(1926). Pathogenesis of apoplexy: Pathologic investigations. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med., 151, 1.