Thyroid incidentalomas in cervical spine MRI

Abstract

Background

The increasing prevalence of thyroid incidentalomas and their uncertain malignancy risk necessitates population-specific analyses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid incidentalomas in patients at the University of Jordan.

Methods

Conducted at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH), the retrospective study reviewed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reports. Patients aged 18–83 were included, and MRI findings were screened for thyroid incidentalomas. Further assessments included neck ultrasound (US) and serum thyrotropin (TSH) analysis to evaluate thyroid function.

Results

Of 194 images reviewed, 190 met inclusion criteria, with 128 (67.4%) showing thyroid incidentalomas. Subsequent ultrasound examinations in 28 patients confirmed findings consistent with MRI in 17 cases (60.7%). Of fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed, 38.89% were benign, while 11.11% were classified as atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance, ultimately diagnosed as papillary cancer.

Conclusion

The study underscores the high prevalence of thyroid incidentalomas in imaging performed for unrelated conditions and highlights their potential malignancy risk. Increased awareness among medical professionals is crucial for timely identification and management. Incidental thyroid lesions on MRI warrant further evaluation to ensure appropriate clinical and diagnostic follow-up.