Restricting Sales of Paracetamol Tablets: Effect on Deaths and Emergency Admissions for Poisoning in Scotland 1991 – 2002

Abstract

Objective: To identify any effect on deaths and emergency admissions for poisoning resulting from the restriction on paracetamol sales introduced in September 1998. Setting: Scotland Data: Deaths from poisoning were extracted from the General Registrar (Scotland) Office annual reports for 1991 to 2001 and emergency admissions data for 1990/91 to 2001/02 was supplied by the Information and Statistics Division of NHS Scotland. Results: Deaths In the early 1990s, deaths from all poisonings and deaths from paracetamol poisoning were stable. After the restrictions deaths from all poisonings remained stable. Deaths from paracetamol poisoning fell by 45% in 1998 but have risen in each of the three years since to reach pre-restriction levels. Results: Emergency admissions In the early 1990s all poisonings rose steadily. Following the restrictions all admissions fell by 10% and paracetamol poisonings fell by 14%. All admissions remained lower for a further two years but are now rising again. Paracetamol poisonings remained lower for a second year but the last two years have both seen 10% increases to reach record levels. Discussion: The restrictions caused a dramatic 45% fall in deaths from paracetamol poisoning and reversed a relentless upward rise in all admissions for poisoning. The benefits were short-lived lasting about two years. Deaths and admissions are rising again and admissions are at record levels. Conclusions: Restricting paracetamol sales resulted in significant health gain. Further restrictions and public education on this valuable but dangerous drug are both urgently needed.