Rabies,Lassaviruses and Bats

Public Health Laboratory Service. Fatal infection with European bat lyssavirus rabies-related virus in Scotland. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2002; 19 December: 3–4

Jackson A. Rabies. Can J Neurol Sci 2000; 27: 278–83

McColl KA , Tordo N , Setien AA . Bat Lyssavirus infections. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. 2000; 19: 177–196

Crawford-Miksza LK. , Wadford DA. , Schnurr DP . Molecular epidemiology of enzootic rabies in California. J Clin Virol 1999; 14: 207–19

Department of Health. Memorandum on rabies prevention and control. London: DoH, 2000

Finnegan C J , Brookes S M , Johnson N Rabies in North America and Europe. J Roy Soc Med 2002; 95: 9–13

Public Health Laboratory Service. Rabies acquired abroad. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2001; 14 June: 2

Krebs JW , Smith JS , Rupprecht CE , Childs JE . Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1998. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215: 1786–98

Ito M , Arai YT , Itou T Genetic characterization and geographic distribution of rabies virus isolates in Brazil: identification of two reservoirs, dogs and vampire bats. Virology 2001; 284: 214–22

Wright A , Rampersad J , Ryan J , Ammons D. Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates from Trinidad. Vet Microbiol 2002; 87: 95–102

Warner CK , Zaki SR , Shieh WJ Laboratory investigation of human deaths from vampire bat rabies in Peru. Am J Trap Med Hyg 1999; 60: 502–7

Noah DL , Drenzek CL , Smith JS Epidemiology of human rabies in the United States, 1980 to 1996. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 922–30

Messenger SL , Smith JS , Rupprecht CE . Emerging epidemiology of bat-associated cryptic cases of rabies in humans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 738–47

Pape WJ , Fitzsimmons TD , Hoffman RE . Risk for rabies transmission from encounters with bats, Colorado, 1977–1996. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 433–7

Weir E. Putting the bite on rabies. Canad Med Assoc J 2002; 167: 781

Favi M , de Mattos CA , Yung V , Chala E , Lopez LR , de Mattos CC . First case of human rabies in Chile caused by an insectivorous bat virus variant. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8: 79–81

Gibbons RV . Cryptogenic rabies, bats, and the question of aerosol transmission. Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39: 528–36

McQuiston JH , Yager PA , Smith JS , Rupprecht CE . Epidemiologic characteristics of rabies virus variants in dogs and cats in the United States, 1999. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218: 1939–42

Mlot C. Bat researchers dispute rabies policy. Science 2000; 287: 2391–2

Gray-Grant D. Beware of all types of bat exposure, BC MDs warned. Canad Med Assoc J 2000; 162: 1862–3 21 Anderson Bats I. out of hell. New Scientist 1998; 160: 40

Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Australian bat lyssavirus information for medical practitioners. Canberra; CDNA: August 2001

McCormack JG , Allworth AM . Emerging viral infections in Australia. Med J Australia 2002; 177: 45–9

Hanna JN , Carney IK , Smith GA Australian bat lyssavirus infection: a second human case with a long incubation period. Med J Australia 2000; 172: 597–9

Public Health Laboratory Service. European bat lyssavirus — frequently asked questions. London; PHLS: 2002

Whitby JE , Johnstone P , Parsons G , King AA , Hutson AM . Ten-year survey of British bats for the existence of rabies. Vet Rec 1996; 139: 491–3

Public Health Laboratory Service. A case of bat rabies in Lancashire. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2002; 03 October: 1–2

Badrane H , Noel T. Host switching in Lyssavirus history from the Chiroptera to the Carnivora orders. J Virol 2001; 75: 8096–8104

Drake JW , Charlesworth B , Charlesowrth D , Crow JF . Rates of spontatneous mutation. Genetics 1998; 148: 1667–1686.