The relationship between vocational rehabilitation (VR) acceptance and race, gender, education, work status at application, and primary source of support at application was examined using a binary logistic regression. Based on the use of a stepwise entry method. race, primary source of support at application, and education were found to be statistically significant. Moreover, after all variables were entered into the binary logistic regression equation, the total amount of variance explained in the dependent variable by the independent variables was 5.3%. Compared to European Americans. African Americans were 2.12 times more likely to be accepted for VR services, when controlling for all other variables in the study. Compared to customers who reported only their own income at application, individuals who reported income from family and friends and other sources were negatively associated with VR acceptance, after controlling for all other variables in the study. Implications for VR counselors are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aldrich, J.H., & Nelson, E.D. (1984). Linear probability, logit, and pro-bit models . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
2.
Alston, R.J., & Bell, T.J. (1996). Cultural mistrust and the rehabilitation enigma for African Americans. Journal of Rehabilitation, 62(2), 16-20.
3.
Alston, R.J., & Mngadi, S. (1992). The interaction between disability status and the African American experience: Implications for rehabilitation counseling . Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 23(2), 12-16.
4.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., & Razavieh, A. (1990). Introduction to research in education. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
5.
Asbury, C.A., Walker, S., Maholmes, V., Rackely, R., & White, S. (1991). Disability prevalence and demographic association among racial/ ethnic minorities populations m the United States: Implications for the 21st century. Washington, DC: Howard University Research and Training Center for Access to Rehabilitation and Economic Opportunity.
6.
Atkins, B.J., & Wright, G.N. (1980). Three views: Vocational rehabilitation of Blacks: The statement. Journal of Rehablitation, 46(40), 42-46.
7.
Belgrave, E.Z., & Walker, S. (1991). Difference in rehabilitation service utilization patterns of Black Americans and White Americans with disabilities. In S. Walker, F. Z. Belgrave, R. W. Nicholls, & K. A. Turner (Eds.), Future frontiers in the employment of minority persons with disabilities: Proceedings of the national conference (pp. 25-29). Washington, DC : Howard University Research and Training Center for Access to Rehabilitation and Economic Opportunity. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 359 672)
8.
Bolton, B., & Cooper, P. (1980). Three views: Vocational rehabilitation of Blacks: The comment. Journal of Rehabilitation, 46, 41, 47-49.
9.
Bowe, F. (1984). U.S. census and disabled adults. Hot Springs: University of Arkansas, Arkansas Rehabilitation Services, Arkansas Rehabilitation Research and Training Center.
10.
Bowe, E. (1992). Adults with disabilities: A portrait. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor. President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities.
11.
Butcher. E., & Scofield, M.E. (1984). Use of standardised simulanon and process tracing for studying clinical problem solving competence. Counselor Education and Supervision, 24, 70-84
12.
Danek, M.M., & Lawrence, R.E. (1985). Women in rehabilitation: An analysis of state agency services to disabled women. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling. 16(3). 16-18.
13.
Dziekan. K. I., & Okocha, A.G. (1993). Accessibility of rehabilitation services: Comparison by racial-ethnic status. Rehabilitation Counsel-ing Bulletin , 36. 183-189.
14.
Elstein. A. S., Shulman, L.S. & Sprafka. S. (1978). Medical problem sohing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press-
15.
Feist-Price, S. (1995). African Americans with disabilities and equity in vocational rehabilitation services: One state's review. Rehabilitation ConselingBulletin, 39. 119-129.
16.
Ficke, R.C. (1992). Digest of data on penons with disabilityWashington. DC: National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research.
17.
Graham, S. (1992). Most of the subjects were white and middle class -American Psychologist, 47, 629-639.
18.
Hair, J., Anderson. R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1995). Multivariate data analysis with readings (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
19.
Harrison, D.K., & Wayne, B. (1986). Sex equity in accessibility to rehabilitation services.. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 30. 116-119.
20.
Hayes-Bautista. D. E. (1992). Latino health indicators and the under-class model: From paradox to new policy models. In A. Furino (Ed.). Health policy and the Hispanic (pp. 32-47)- Boulder. CO: Westview
21.
Herbert, J.T., & Cheatham, H.E. (1988). Africentricity and the Black disability experience: A theoretical orientation for rehabilitation counselors. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 19(4). 50-54-
22.
Herbert, J.T., & Martinez, M.Y. (1992). Client ethnicity and vocational rehabilitation case service outcome. Journal of Job Placement.8(1).10-16.
23.
Hosmer, D.W., & Lemeshow, S. (1989). Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley.
24.
Kennedy, J.J.( 1992).Analyzing qualitative data: Log-linear analysis for behavioral research (2nd ed.). New York : Praeger.
25.
Mahalik, J.R., Worthington, R.L., & Crump, S. (1999). Influence of racial/ethnic membership and "therapist culture" on therapists' worldviewJournal of Multicultral Couneling and Development,27, 2-17.
26.
Marascuilo, L.A., & Serlin, R.C. (1988). Statistical methods for the social and behavioral sciences. New York: Freeman.
27.
Marshall, M. (1987, October). Fighting for their rights. Ebony, 62(5), 68-70.
28.
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. (1992). Disabilit, statistics abstract number 4. Washington. DC: Author.
29.
McNeil, J.M. (1993). Americans with disabilities: 1991-91. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census
30.
Petenon, G.E. (1996). An analysis of participation, progress. and outcome of individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds in the public vocational rehabilitation program in Nevada. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado at Greeley
31.
Rehabilitation Services Administration. (1995 ). Reporting manual for the case service report (RSA-911) (RSA-PD-95-04) . Washington, DC: Author.
32.
Rogers, M., Conoley, J., Ponterotto, J., & Wiese. M. (1992). Multicultural training in school psychology: A national survey. School Psychology Review, 21, 603-616.
33.
Rosenthal, J.A. (2001). Statistics and data interpretation for the helping professions. Stamford, CT: Brooks/Cole .
34.
Smart, J.F. & Smart, D.W. (1997). The racial/etnic demography of disabdity. TheJournal of Rehabilitation, 63, 9-15.
35.
Spss. (1997). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences base 75 applications guide. Chicago : Author.
36.
Sue, D.W., Arrendondo, P., & McDavis, R.J. (1992). Multicultural competencies/standards: A pressing needJournal of Counseling and Development, 70, 477-486.
37.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1991). Race and Hispanic origin. 1990census profile , 2,1-8.
38.
Walker, S., & Brown, O. (1996). The Howard University research and training center A unique resource- American Rehabilitation, 22(1), 27-33.
39.
Wheaton, J.E. (1995). Vocational rehabilitation acceptance rate for European American and African Americans. Another look. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 38, 224-231.
40.
Wheaton, J.E., Finch, J., Wilson, K.B., & Granello, D. (1997). Service pattens of vocational rehabilitation consumers. Journal of RehabilitationAdministration, 21. 209-225.
41.
Wheaton. J. E., Wilson. K. B., & Brown, S.M. (1996). The relationship between vocational rehabilitation services and the consumer's race, gender and closure status. Rehabilitation Conseling Bulletin, 40. 116-133.
42.
Wilson, K.B. (1997). The relationship between consumer race and vocational rehabilitation services and outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The Ohio State University at Columbus.
43.
Wilson. K. B. (1999). Vocational rehabilitation acceptance: A tale of two races in a large midwestern state. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 30(4). 25-31.
44.
Wilson, K.B. (2000). Predicting vocational rehabilitation acceptance based on race, education, work status, and source of support at application . Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 43, 97-105.
45.
Wilson, K.B., Harley. D.A., & Alston, R.J. (2001). Race as a correlate of vocational rehabilitation acceptance: Revisited. TheJournal of Rehabilitation, 67 (3), 35-41.
46.
Wilson, K.B., Harley, D.A., McCormick, K., Jolivette, K., & Jackson. R. (2001). A literature review of vocational rehabtlitation acceptance and rationales for bias in the rehabilitation process. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 31(1), 24-35.
47.
Wilson, K.B., Jackson, R., & Doughty. J. (1999). What a difference a race makes: Reasons for unsuccessful closures within the vocational rehabilitation system. American Rehabilitation, 25(2), 16-24.
48.
Wright, R.E. (1995). logistic regression. In L. G. Grimm & P R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding multivariate statistics (pp. 217-244). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association .
49.
Yelin, E.H. (1992). Disability and the displaced worker. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University
