Alpert, R., & Haber, R. (1960). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61:207-21.
2.
Backman, N. (1976). Two measures of affective factors as they relate to progress in adult second-language learning. Working Papers in Bilingualism, 10:100-22.
3.
Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second-language acquisition. Language learning, 25:153-61.
4.
Crookes, G. and Schmidt, R. (1989). Motivation: Reopening the research agenda. University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL, 8:217-56.
5.
Diener, C.I., & Dweck, C.S. (1978). An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance strategy, and achievement cognitions following failure . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36:451-62.
6.
Doris, J., & Sarason, S.B. (1955). Test anxiety and blame assignment in a failure situation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 50:335-38.
7.
Dubin, F. & Olshtain, E. (1987). Course Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8.
Dweck, C. & Wortman. C. (1982). Learned helplessness, anxiety, and achievement motivation: Neglected parallels in cognitive, affective, and coping responses . In Krohne, H. W. & Layx, L. (Eds.). Achievement, Stress and Anxiety . New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
9.
Goldenson, R. M. (Ed.) (1984). Longman Dictionary of Psychology and Psychiatry. New York : Longman Inc.
10.
Heinrich, D.L. & Spielberger, C.D. (1982). Anxiety and complex learning . In Krohne, H. W. & Layx, L. (Eds.), Achievement, Stress, and Anxiety. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
11.
Hembree, R. (1988). Correlates, Causes, Effects, and Treatment of Test Anxiety. Review of Educational Research, 58:44-7.
12.
Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70:125-32.
13.
Kleinmann, H.H. (1977). Avoidance behaviour in adult second-language acquisition . Language Learning, 27:93-107.
14.
Krone, K.W. & Laux, L. (1982). Achievement Stress and Anxiety. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
15.
Long, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (in press). An Introduction to Second Language Research
16.
Lundberg, U. (1982). Psychophysiological aspects of performance and adjustment to stress. In Krohne, K. W. & Laux, L. (Eds.) Achievement, Stress and Anxiety. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
17.
Mandler, G., & Watson, D.L. (1968). Anxiety and the interruption of behaviour. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety and Behaviour. New York: Academic Press.
18.
Mandler, G., & Watson, D.L. (1966). Test anxiety and immediate or delayed feedback in a test like avoidance task. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8:200-3.
19.
Matsumoto, D., Kudoh, T., Scherer, K., & Wallbott, H. (1988). Antecedents of and reactions to emotions in the United States and Japan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 19:267-86.
20.
McCoy, I.R. (1979). Means to overcome the anxieties of second language learners. Foreign Language Annals, 12:185-9.
21.
McGrath, J.E. (1970). Social and psychological factors in stress. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
22.
McGrath, J.E. (1976). Stress and behaviour in organizations. In M. Dunnette (Ed.) Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
23.
McGrath, J.E. (1982). Methodological Problems in Research on Stress . In Krohne, K. W. & Laux, L. (Eds.) Achievement, Stress and Anxiety . New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
24.
Maclntyre P.D. and Gardner R.C. (1989). Anxiety and Second Language-Language Learning: Toward a Theoretical ClarificationLanguage Learning, 39:251-75.
25.
Neale, J.M., & Katahn, M. (1968). Anxiety, choice, and stimulus uncertainty. Journal of Personality, 36:235-45.
26.
Sarason, I.G. (1960). Empirical findings and theoretical problems in the use of anxiety scales. Psychological Bulletin,57:403-15.
27.
Sarason, I.G. (1975). Anxiety and self-preoccupation. In I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.). Stress and Anxiety (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press.
28.
Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: A review of the anxiety research. Language Learning, 28:129-42.
29.
Smith, R.E., & Sarason, I.G. (1975). Social anxiety and the evaluation of negative interpersonal feedback. Journal of consulting andClinical Psychology, 43:429.
Spielberger, C.D., O'Neil, H.F., & Hansen, D.N. (1972). Anxiety, drive theory, and computer-assisted learning . In Mather B. A. (Ed.), Progress in Experimental Personality Research (Vol. 6). New York: Academic Press.
32.
Spielberger, C.D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press .
33.
Stern, H.H. (1986). Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Fourth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34.
Wallbott, H.G., & Scherer, K. (1986). How universal and specific is emotional experience? Evidence from 27 countries on five continents. Social Science Information, 25:763-95.
35.
Wine, J.D. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychological Bulletin,76:92-104.