In this technology review, we explore the affordances of the generative AI chatbot ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. In addition to this, we also present debates and drawbacks of ChatGPT. Finally, we present the digital competencies teachers and learners require to use this chatbot ethically and effectively to support language learning.
AshfaqueMWTharewalSIqhbalS, et al. (2020, October) A review on techniques, characteristics and approaches to an intelligent tutoring chatbot system. In 2020 International Conference on Smart Innovations in Design, Environment, Management, Planning and Computing (ICSIDEMPC) (pp. 258–262). IEEE.
2.
BowmanE (December 19, 2022) A new AI chatbot might do your homework for you. But it’s still not an A+ student. NPR. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
Chiu TKF, Moorhouse LM, Chai CS, et al. (2023) Teacher support and student motivation to learn with Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chatbot. Interactive Learning Environment. Epub Online. DOI: 10.1080/10494820.2023.2172044
5.
EllisR (1999) The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Languages Education Press.
FryerLCarpenterR (2006) Bots as language learning tools. Language Learning & Technology10(3): 8–14.
8.
FryerLKAinleyMThompsonA, et al. (2017) Stimulating and sustaining interest in a language course: an experimental comparison of chatbot and human task partners. Computers in Human Behavior75: 461–468.
9.
FryerLKConiamDCarpenterR, et al. (2020) Bots for language learning now: Current and future directions. Language Learning & Technology24(2): 8–22. Retrieved fromhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/44719
10.
FryerLKNakaoKThompsonA (2019) Chatbot learning partners: Connecting learning experiences, interest and competence. Computers in Human Behavior93: 279–289.
11.
GallacherAThompsonAHowarthM (2018) “My robot is an idiot!” – Students’ perceptions of AI in the L2 classroom. In: TaalasPJalkanenJBradleyL, et al. (eds) Future-proof CALL: Language learning as exploration and encounters – short papers from EUROCALL 2018 (pp. 70–76). Research-publishing.net. DOI: 10.14705/rpnet.2018.26.815
12.
HaristianiN (2019) Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot as language learning medium: an inquiry. Journal of Physics: Conference Series1387(1): 202.
13.
Hockly N (2023) Artificial Intelligence in English language teaching: The good, the bad and the ugly. RELC Journal54(2): 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231168504
14.
HuangWHewKFFryerLK (2022) Chatbots for language learning – are they really useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning38(1): 237–257.
15.
InstefjordEMuntheE (2017) Educating digitally competent teachers: a study of integration of professional digital competency in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education67: 37–45.
16.
JiangHChengYYangJ, et al. (2022) AI-powered chatbot communication with customers: dialogic interactions, satisfaction, engagement, and customer behavior. Computers in Human Behavior134: 107329.
17.
JonesRHafnerC (2022) Understanding Digital literacies: A practical introduction. New York: Routledge.
18.
KerlyAHallPBullS (2007) Bringing chatbots into education: towards natural language negotiation of open learner models. Knowledge-Based Systems20(2): 177–185.
19.
KimHShinDYangH, et al. (2019) A study of AI chatbots as an assistant tool for school English curriculum. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction19(1): 89–110.
20.
KimHYangHShinD, et al. (2022) Design principles and architecture of a second language learning chatbot. Language Learning & Technology26(1): 1–18. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/73463
21.
KimNY (2018) A study on chatbots for developing Korean college students’ English listening and reading skills. Journal of Digital Convergence16(8): 19–26.
22.
KimNY (2019) A study on the use of artificial intelligence chatbots for improving English grammar skills. Journal of Digital Convergence17(8): 37–46.
23.
KohnkeL (2022a) A pedagogical chatbot: A supplemental language learning tools. RELC Journal. Epub Online. DOI: 10.1177/00336882211067054
24.
KohnkeL (2022b) A qualitative exploration of student perspectives of chatbot use during emergency remote teaching. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation16(4): 475–488. DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2022.125966
25.
KohnkeL (2023) L2 learners' perceptions of a chatbot as a potential independent language learning tool. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation17(1/2): 214–226. DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2023.10053355
26.
KuhailMAAlturkiNAlramlawiS, et al. (2023) Interacting with educational chatbots: a systematic review. Education and Information Technologies28: 973–1018.
27.
LeeJHYangHShinD, et al. (2020) Chatbots – technology for the language teacher. ELT Journal74(3): 338–344.
28.
MackeyA (2012) Interaction, Feedback and Task Research in Second Language Learning: Methods and Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
SchmidtRW (1990) The role of consciousness in second language learning. Applied Linguistics11(2): 129–158.
33.
SmutnyPSchreiberovaP (2020) Chatbot for learning: a review of educational chatbots for the Facebook messenger. Computers & Education151: 1–11.
34.
WinklerRSoellnerM (2018) Unleashing the potential of chatbots in education: A state-of-the-art analysis. In Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. Academy of Management.