JungJWJuYSKangHR. Association between parental smoking behavior and children's respiratory morbidity: 5-year study in an urban city of South Korea. Pediatr Pulmonol2012;47:338–45.
2.
PetrickLMSvidovskyADubowskiY.Thirdhand smoke: Heterogeneous oxidation of nicotine and secondary aerosol formation in the indoor environment. Environ Sci Technol. 2011;45:328–33.
3.
SingerBCHodgsonATNazaroffWW. Gas-phase organics in environmental tobacco smoke: 2. Exposure-relevant emission factors and indirect exposures from habitual smoking. Atmos Environ2003;37:5551–61.
4.
VaughanWMHammondSK. Impact of “designated smoking area” policy on nicotine vapor and particle concentrations in a modern office building. J Air Waste Manag Assoc1990;40:1012–7.
5.
HarrisJKLukeDAZuckermanRBSheltonSC. Forty years of secondhand smoke research: The gap between discovery and delivery. Am J Prev Med2009;36:538–48.
6.
Office of the Surgeon General (US). The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD): Department of Health and Human Services (US), U.S. Public Health Service; 2014.
Office of the Surgeon General (US). The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006.
9.
SleimanMLogueJMLuoWPankowJFGundelLADestaillatsH.Inhalable constituents of thirdhand tobacco smoke: Chemical characterization and health impact considerations. Environ Sci Technol2014;48:13093–101.
10.
HohEHuntRNQuintanaPJZakarianJMChatfieldDAWittryBC, Environmental tobacco smoke as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settled household dust. Environ Sci Technol2012;46:4174–83.
11.
MattGEQuintanaPJZakarianJMFortmannALChatfieldDAHohE, When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: Residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure. Tob Control2011;20:e1.
12.
SchickSFFarraroKFPerrinoCSleimanMvan de VossenbergGTrinhMP, Thirdhand cigarette smoke in an experimental chamber: Evidence of surface deposition of nicotine, nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and de novo formation of NNK. Tob Control2014;23:152–9.
13.
SleimanMGundelLAPankowJFJacobP3rdSingerBCDestaillatsH.Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:6576–81.
14.
MattGEQuintanaPJDestaillatsHGundelLASleimanMSingerBC, Thirdhand tobacco smoke: Emerging evidence and arguments for a multidisciplinary research agenda. Environ Health Perspect2011;119:1218–26.
15.
ThomasJLHechtSSLuoXMingXAhluwaliaJSCarmellaSG. Thirdhand tobacco smoke: A tobacco-specific lung carcinogen on surfaces in smokers' homes. Nicotine Tob Res2013;16:26–32.
16.
HangBSarkerAHHavelCSahaSHazraTKSchickS, Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells. Mutagenesis2013;28:381–91.
17.
WhiteheadTPHavelCMetayerCBenowitzNLJacobPIII. Tobacco alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in dust from homes of smokeless tobacco users, active smokers, and nontobacco users. Chem Res Toxicol2015;28:1007–14.
18.
BahlVJacobPIIIHavelCSchickSFTalbotP.Thirdhand cigarette smoke: Factors affecting exposure and remediation. PLoS ONE2014;9:e108258.
19.
BecqueminMHBertholonJFBentayebMAttouiMLedurDRoyF, Third-hand smoking: Indoor measurements of concentration and sizes of cigarette smoke particles after resuspension. Tob Control2010;19:347–8.
20.
MattGEQuintanaPJHovellMFBernertJTSongSNoviantiN, Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: Sources of infant exposures. Tob Control2004;13:29–37.
21.
MattGEFortmannALQuintanaPJZakarianJMRomeroRAChatfieldDA, Towards smoke-free rental cars: An evaluation of voluntary smoking restrictions in California. Tob Control2013;22:201–7.
22.
QuintanaPJMattGEChatfieldDZakarianJMFortmannALHohE.Wipe sampling for nicotine as a marker of thirdhand tobacco smoke contamination on surfaces in homes, cars, and hotels. Nicotine Tob Res2013;15:1555–63.
23.
MattGEQuintanaPJFortmannALZakarianJMGalavizVEChatfieldDA, Thirdhand smoke and exposure in California hotels: Non-smoking rooms fail to protect non-smoking hotel guests from tobacco smoke exposure. Tob Control2014;23:264–72.
24.
NorthrupTFMattGEHovellMFKhanAMStottsAL. Thirdhand smoke in the homes of medically fragile children: Assessing the impact of indoor smoking levels and smoking bans. Nicotine Tob Res2015 (epub ahead of print).
25.
NorthrupTFKahnAMJacobPBenowitzNLHohEHovellMF, Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: Assessing exposure risk for vulnerable pediatric patients. Tob Control. In press, 2016.
26.
FerranteGSimoniMCibellaFFerraraFLiottaGMaliziaV, Third-hand smoke exposure and health hazards in children. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis2013;79:38–43.
27.
MoyaJBearerCFEtzelRA. Children's behavior and physiology and how it affects exposure to environmental contaminants. Pediatrics2004;113:996–1006.
28.
FortmannALRomeroRASklarMPhamVZakarianJQuintanaPJ, Residual tobacco smoke in used cars: Futile efforts and persistent pollutants. Nicotine Tob Res2010;12:1029–36.
29.
DreyfussJH. Thirdhand smoke identified as potent, enduring carcinogen. CA Cancer J Clin2010;60:203–4.
30.
SchickSF. Thirdhand smoke: Here to stay [published erratum appears in Tob Control2013;22:428]. Tob Control2011;20:1–3.
31.
DaiseyJMMahanamaKRHodgsonAT. Toxic volatile organic compounds in simulated environmental tobacco smoke: Emission factors for exposure assessment. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol1998;8:313–34.
32.
CurwinBDHeinMJSandersonWTNishiokaMGBuhlerW.Nicotine exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands. Ann Occup Hyg2005;49:407–13.
33.
InvernizziGRuprechtADe MarcoCParediPBoffR.Residual tobacco smoke: Measurement of its washout time in the lung and of its contribution to environmental tobacco smoke. Tob Control2007;16:29–33.
34.
UetaISaitoYTeraokaKMiuraTJinnoK.Determination of volatile organic compounds for a systematic evaluation of third-hand smoking. Analy Sci2010;26:569–74.
35.
BarnoyaJNavas-AcienA.Protecting the world from secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: Where do we stand and where do we go from here?Nicotine Tob Res2013;15:789–804.
36.
Department of Health and Human Services (US). Secondhand smoke: What it means to you. Washington: HHS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006.
37.
PrinsJMWangY.Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed N'-nitrosonornicotine-induced down-regulation of nonmuscle myosin II and reduced cell migration in cultured human skin fibroblast cells. J Proteome Res2013;12:1282–8.
38.
RehanVKSakuraiRTordayJS. Thirdhand smoke: A new dimension to the effects of cigarette smoke on the developing lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol2011;301:L1–8.
39.
EdderkaouiMThrowerE.Smoking and pancreatic disease. J Cancer Ther2013;4:34–40.
40.
Martins-GreenMAdhamiNFrankosMValdezMGoodwinBLyubovitskyJ, Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: Implications for human health. PLoS ONE2014;9:e86391.
41.
KeelySTalleyNJHansbroPM. Pulmonary-intestinal cross-talk in mucosal infammatory disease. Mucosal Immunol2012;5:7–18.
42.
CallinanJEClarkeADohertyKKelleherC.Legislative smoking bans for reducing secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2010;(4):CD005992.
43.
CoxBMartensENemeryBVangronsveldJNawrotTS. Impact of a stepwise introduction of smoke-free legislation on the rate of preterm births: Analysis of routinely collected birth data. BMJ2013;346:f441.
44.
MattGEQuintanaPJHovellMFChatfieldDMaDSRomeroR, Residual tobacco smoke pollution in used cars for sale: Air, dust, and surfaces. Nicotine Tob Res2008;10:1467–75.
45.
MurphyJMBerwickDMWeinsteinMCBorusJFBudmanSHKlermanGL. Performance of screening and diagnostic tests: Application of receiver operating characteristic analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry1987;44:550–5.
PearsonJLRichardsonANiauraRSValloneDMAbramsDB. e-Cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in US adults. Am J Public Health2012;102:1758–66.
48.
GoniewiczMLLingasEOHajekP.Patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits: An Internet survey. Drug Alcohol Rev2013;32:133–40.
49.
Baeza-LoyaSViswanathHCarterAMolfeseDLVelasquezKMBaldwinPR, Perceptions about e-cigarette safety may lead to e-smoking during pregnancy. Bull Menninger Clin2014;78:243–52.
50.
RamoDEYoung-WolffKCProchaskaJJ. Prevalence and correlates of electronic-cigarette use in young adults: Findings from three studies over five years. Addict Behav2015;41:142–7.
51.
RigottiNAHarringtonKFRichterKFellowsJLShermanSEGrossmanE, Increasing prevalence of electronic cigarette use among smokers hospitalized in 5 US cities, 2010–2013. Nicotine Tob Res2015;17:236–44.
52.
WackowskiOADelnevoCD. Smokers' attitudes and support for e-cigarette policies and regulation in the USA. Tob Control2015;24:543–6.
53.
BhatnagarAWhitselLPRibislKMBullenCChaloupkaFPianoMR, Electronic cigarettes: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation2014;130:1418–36.
54.
FairchildALBayerRColgroveJ.The renormalization of smoking? E-cigarettes and the tobacco “endgame”. N Engl J Med2014;370:293–5.
55.
HovellMFHughesSC. The behavioral ecology of secondhand smoke exposure: A pathway to complete tobacco control. Nicotine Tob Res2009;11:1254–64.
GoldsteinBD. Applying the precautionary principle to the environment. Bull World Health Organ2000;78:1159–60.
58.
KriebelDTicknerJEpsteinPLemonsJLevinsRLoechlerEL, The precautionary principle in environmental science. Environ Health Perspect2001;109:871–6.
59.
FosterKRVecchiaPRepacholiMH. Science and the precautionary principle. Science2000;288:979–81.
60.
GrandjeanP.Implications of the precautionary principle for primary prevention and research. Annu Rev Public Health2004;25:199–223.
61.
CurtisCCollinsSCunninghamSStiglerPNovotnyTE. Extended producer responsibility and product stewardship for tobacco product waste. Int J Waste Resour2014;4:pii.
62.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The precautionary principle [cited 2015 Jun 19]. Available from: http://www.precautionaryprinciple.eu.